Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions
<p>The metallurgical industry in the Kola Peninsula, north-west Russia, form, after Norilsk, Siberia, the second largest source of air pollution in the Arctic and subarctic domain. Sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub>)</span> emissions f...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Copernicus Publications
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/8a0f43f75bb24cd789d8bb0c6e34a418 |
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| Sumario: | <p>The metallurgical industry in the Kola Peninsula, north-west Russia, form,
after Norilsk, Siberia, the second largest source of air pollution in the
Arctic and subarctic domain. Sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub>)</span> emissions from the
ore smelters are transported to wide areas, including Finnish Lapland. We
performed investigations on concentrations of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, aerosol precursor
vapours, aerosol and ion cluster size distributions together with chemical
composition measurements of freshly formed clusters at the SMEAR I station
in Finnish Lapland relatively close (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 300 km) to the Kola
Peninsula industrial sites during the winter 2019–2020. We show that highly
concentrated SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> from smelter emissions is converted to sulfuric
acid (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub>)</span> in sufficient concentrations to drive new particle
formation hundreds of kilometres downwind from the emission sources, even at
very low solar radiation intensities. Observed new particle formation is
primarily initiated by H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>–ammonia (negative-)ion-induced
nucleation. Particle growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sizes was
concluded to result from sulfuric acid condensation. However, air mass
advection had a large role in modifying aerosol size distributions, and
other growth mechanisms and condensation of other compounds cannot be fully
excluded. Our results demonstrate the dominance of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions in
controlling wintertime aerosol and CCN concentrations in the subarctic
region with a heavily polluting industry.</p> |
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