Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions

The metallurgical industry in the Kola Peninsula, north-west Russia, form, after Norilsk, Siberia, the second largest source of air pollution in the Arctic and subarctic domain. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions f...

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Autores principales:	M. Sipilä, N. Sarnela, K. Neitola, T. Laitinen, D. Kemppainen, L. Beck, E.-M. Duplissy, S. Kuittinen, T. Lehmusjärvi, J. Lampilahti, V.-M. Kerminen, K. Lehtipalo, P. P. Aalto, P. Keronen, E. Siivola, P. A. Rantala, D. R. Worsnop, M. Kulmala, T. Jokinen, T. Petäjä
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a0f43f75bb24cd789d8bb0c6e34a418
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a0f43f75bb24cd789d8bb0c6e34a4182021-12-02T16:16:18ZWintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions10.5194/acp-21-17559-20211680-73161680-7324https://doaj.org/article/8a0f43f75bb24cd789d8bb0c6e34a4182021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/17559/2021/acp-21-17559-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324<p>The metallurgical industry in the Kola Peninsula, north-west Russia, form, after Norilsk, Siberia, the second largest source of air pollution in the Arctic and subarctic domain. Sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub>)</span> emissions from the ore smelters are transported to wide areas, including Finnish Lapland. We performed investigations on concentrations of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, aerosol precursor vapours, aerosol and ion cluster size distributions together with chemical composition measurements of freshly formed clusters at the SMEAR I station in Finnish Lapland relatively close (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 300 km) to the Kola Peninsula industrial sites during the winter 2019–2020. We show that highly concentrated SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> from smelter emissions is converted to sulfuric acid (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub>)</span> in sufficient concentrations to drive new particle formation hundreds of kilometres downwind from the emission sources, even at very low solar radiation intensities. Observed new particle formation is primarily initiated by H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>–ammonia (negative-)ion-induced nucleation. Particle growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sizes was concluded to result from sulfuric acid condensation. However, air mass advection had a large role in modifying aerosol size distributions, and other growth mechanisms and condensation of other compounds cannot be fully excluded. Our results demonstrate the dominance of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions in controlling wintertime aerosol and CCN concentrations in the subarctic region with a heavily polluting industry.</p>M. SipiläN. SarnelaK. NeitolaT. LaitinenD. KemppainenL. BeckE.-M. DuplissyS. KuittinenT. LehmusjärviJ. LampilahtiV.-M. KerminenK. LehtipaloK. LehtipaloP. P. AaltoP. KeronenE. SiivolaP. A. RantalaD. R. WorsnopD. R. WorsnopM. KulmalaT. JokinenT. PetäjäCopernicus PublicationsarticlePhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 17559-17576 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 M. Sipilä N. Sarnela K. Neitola T. Laitinen D. Kemppainen L. Beck E.-M. Duplissy S. Kuittinen T. Lehmusjärvi J. Lampilahti V.-M. Kerminen K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo P. P. Aalto P. Keronen E. Siivola P. A. Rantala D. R. Worsnop D. R. Worsnop M. Kulmala T. Jokinen T. Petäjä Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions
description	<p>The metallurgical industry in the Kola Peninsula, north-west Russia, form, after Norilsk, Siberia, the second largest source of air pollution in the Arctic and subarctic domain. Sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub>)</span> emissions from the ore smelters are transported to wide areas, including Finnish Lapland. We performed investigations on concentrations of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, aerosol precursor vapours, aerosol and ion cluster size distributions together with chemical composition measurements of freshly formed clusters at the SMEAR I station in Finnish Lapland relatively close (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 300 km) to the Kola Peninsula industrial sites during the winter 2019–2020. We show that highly concentrated SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> from smelter emissions is converted to sulfuric acid (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub>)</span> in sufficient concentrations to drive new particle formation hundreds of kilometres downwind from the emission sources, even at very low solar radiation intensities. Observed new particle formation is primarily initiated by H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>–ammonia (negative-)ion-induced nucleation. Particle growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sizes was concluded to result from sulfuric acid condensation. However, air mass advection had a large role in modifying aerosol size distributions, and other growth mechanisms and condensation of other compounds cannot be fully excluded. Our results demonstrate the dominance of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions in controlling wintertime aerosol and CCN concentrations in the subarctic region with a heavily polluting industry.</p>
format	article
author	M. Sipilä N. Sarnela K. Neitola T. Laitinen D. Kemppainen L. Beck E.-M. Duplissy S. Kuittinen T. Lehmusjärvi J. Lampilahti V.-M. Kerminen K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo P. P. Aalto P. Keronen E. Siivola P. A. Rantala D. R. Worsnop D. R. Worsnop M. Kulmala T. Jokinen T. Petäjä
author_facet	M. Sipilä N. Sarnela K. Neitola T. Laitinen D. Kemppainen L. Beck E.-M. Duplissy S. Kuittinen T. Lehmusjärvi J. Lampilahti V.-M. Kerminen K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo P. P. Aalto P. Keronen E. Siivola P. A. Rantala D. R. Worsnop D. R. Worsnop M. Kulmala T. Jokinen T. Petäjä
author_sort	M. Sipilä
title	Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions
title_short	Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions
title_full	Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions
title_fullStr	Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions
title_full_unstemmed	Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions
title_sort	wintertime subarctic new particle formation from kola peninsula sulfur emissions
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a0f43f75bb24cd789d8bb0c6e34a418
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Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulfur emissions

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