An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.

<h4>Background</h4>Wetlands are biologically diverse and highly productive ecosystems that support one-third of all threatened and endangered plants of the world. Wetland plants have been studied ethnobotanically much less than terrestrial plants, including in Pakistan, thus information...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad, Muhammad Azhar Ali, Muhammad Akbar, Ansar Mehmood, Fahim Nawaz, Syed Atiq Hussain, Noshia Arshad, Saba Munir, Hamna Arshad, Khizra Shahbaz, Rainer W Bussmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a0fe9bc94744405ba1a4b83dfbd3cdb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a0fe9bc94744405ba1a4b83dfbd3cdb2021-12-02T20:16:58ZAn ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258167https://doaj.org/article/8a0fe9bc94744405ba1a4b83dfbd3cdb2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258167https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Wetlands are biologically diverse and highly productive ecosystems that support one-third of all threatened and endangered plants of the world. Wetland plants have been studied ethnobotanically much less than terrestrial plants, including in Pakistan, thus information about the uses of local wetland plants in traditional healthcare system is scare. Head Maralla is a non-recognized wetland with diversified flora that has been focused of the current study.<h4>Methods</h4>The ethnobotanical data were collected from four sites viz., River Tavi, Upstream Chenab, River Manawarwala Tavi, and Bhalolpur through questionnaire and interviews during field trips. Quantitative indices including informant consensus factor (ICF), cultural significant indext (CSI), relative frequency of citation (RFC), and use value (UV) were used to analyze the data.<h4>Results</h4>On the whole, 119 plant species were identified belonging to 54 families, of which 87 species were dicot, 12 monocots, 11 aquatic, 5 ferns, and 4 species were bryophytes. Of these, 50% of the plant species were utilized for therapeutic purposes, followed by leaves which had more than 20% usage of total consumption. Herbs were the primary source of medicine (73 spp) followed by trees (22 spp), weeds (11 spp), shrubs (9 spp), foliose (2 spp) and thaloids (2 spp) in the area. Fic ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 for constipation and respiratory disorders with an average Fic of 0.87 reflecting a high consensus among the informants about the use of plants to treat particular ailment. Major ailments viz., urination (14%), cough (8.40%), cold (6.70%), stomach (5.90%), asthma (5.90%), skin infection (5%), constipation (5%), and diarrhea (4%) etc., were treated with local plant recipes. The highest CSI value was found for A. vesica (7.55) widely used in respiratory disorders and in digestive problems. RFC ranged from 0.92 to 0.15 with the maximum value obtained for R. communis (0.95). The use values ranged from 0.03 to 0.90 with the maximum use value for R. communis (0.90). A positive correlation was found between CSI and RFC (r = 0.29), and CSI and UV (r = 0.29). The JI values ranged from 7.14 to 0.14 indicating strong affinity with Samahani valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Unique species Osmunda regalis was first time reported from Pakistan with novel uses for renal and blood purifier. Fifteen percent (15%) plants contribute as fodder species consumed by local community for livestock while almost 6.7% species were utilized for timber and fuel purposes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The ecosystem of Head Maralla provide a complex habitat for aqauatic, terrestrial, and agriculture wetland vegetation. It is suggested that conservation efforts should be made to conserve the ethnoecological knowledge of these areas and pharmacological studies should be conducted for noval drug synthesis in future.Muhammad Sajjad IqbalKhawaja Shafique AhmadMuhammad Azhar AliMuhammad AkbarAnsar MehmoodFahim NawazSyed Atiq HussainNoshia ArshadSaba MunirHamna ArshadKhizra ShahbazRainer W BussmannPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258167 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal Khawaja Shafique Ahmad Muhammad Azhar Ali Muhammad Akbar Ansar Mehmood Fahim Nawaz Syed Atiq Hussain Noshia Arshad Saba Munir Hamna Arshad Khizra Shahbaz Rainer W Bussmann An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Wetlands are biologically diverse and highly productive ecosystems that support one-third of all threatened and endangered plants of the world. Wetland plants have been studied ethnobotanically much less than terrestrial plants, including in Pakistan, thus information about the uses of local wetland plants in traditional healthcare system is scare. Head Maralla is a non-recognized wetland with diversified flora that has been focused of the current study.<h4>Methods</h4>The ethnobotanical data were collected from four sites viz., River Tavi, Upstream Chenab, River Manawarwala Tavi, and Bhalolpur through questionnaire and interviews during field trips. Quantitative indices including informant consensus factor (ICF), cultural significant indext (CSI), relative frequency of citation (RFC), and use value (UV) were used to analyze the data.<h4>Results</h4>On the whole, 119 plant species were identified belonging to 54 families, of which 87 species were dicot, 12 monocots, 11 aquatic, 5 ferns, and 4 species were bryophytes. Of these, 50% of the plant species were utilized for therapeutic purposes, followed by leaves which had more than 20% usage of total consumption. Herbs were the primary source of medicine (73 spp) followed by trees (22 spp), weeds (11 spp), shrubs (9 spp), foliose (2 spp) and thaloids (2 spp) in the area. Fic ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 for constipation and respiratory disorders with an average Fic of 0.87 reflecting a high consensus among the informants about the use of plants to treat particular ailment. Major ailments viz., urination (14%), cough (8.40%), cold (6.70%), stomach (5.90%), asthma (5.90%), skin infection (5%), constipation (5%), and diarrhea (4%) etc., were treated with local plant recipes. The highest CSI value was found for A. vesica (7.55) widely used in respiratory disorders and in digestive problems. RFC ranged from 0.92 to 0.15 with the maximum value obtained for R. communis (0.95). The use values ranged from 0.03 to 0.90 with the maximum use value for R. communis (0.90). A positive correlation was found between CSI and RFC (r = 0.29), and CSI and UV (r = 0.29). The JI values ranged from 7.14 to 0.14 indicating strong affinity with Samahani valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Unique species Osmunda regalis was first time reported from Pakistan with novel uses for renal and blood purifier. Fifteen percent (15%) plants contribute as fodder species consumed by local community for livestock while almost 6.7% species were utilized for timber and fuel purposes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The ecosystem of Head Maralla provide a complex habitat for aqauatic, terrestrial, and agriculture wetland vegetation. It is suggested that conservation efforts should be made to conserve the ethnoecological knowledge of these areas and pharmacological studies should be conducted for noval drug synthesis in future.
format	article
author	Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal Khawaja Shafique Ahmad Muhammad Azhar Ali Muhammad Akbar Ansar Mehmood Fahim Nawaz Syed Atiq Hussain Noshia Arshad Saba Munir Hamna Arshad Khizra Shahbaz Rainer W Bussmann
author_facet	Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal Khawaja Shafique Ahmad Muhammad Azhar Ali Muhammad Akbar Ansar Mehmood Fahim Nawaz Syed Atiq Hussain Noshia Arshad Saba Munir Hamna Arshad Khizra Shahbaz Rainer W Bussmann
author_sort	Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal
title	An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.
title_short	An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.
title_full	An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.
title_fullStr	An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.
title_full_unstemmed	An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.
title_sort	ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of head maralla punjab pakistan.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a0fe9bc94744405ba1a4b83dfbd3cdb
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An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan.

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