Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area

Organic farming systems are often constrained by limited soil nitrogen (N) availability. Here we evaluated the effect of foliar organic N and sulphur (S), and selenium (Se) application on durum wheat, considering N uptake, utilization efficiency (NUtE), grain yield, and protein concentration as targ...

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Autores principales:	Federica Carucci, Giuseppe Gatta, Anna Gagliardi, Pasquale De Vita, Simone Bregaglio, Marcella Michela Giuliani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	durum wheat organic farming nitrogen sulfur selenium foliar application Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a41a0c7c9134f8b9034662b5053e8a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a41a0c7c9134f8b9034662b5053e8a42021-11-25T18:46:40ZAgronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area10.3390/plants101124442223-7747https://doaj.org/article/8a41a0c7c9134f8b9034662b5053e8a42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2444https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Organic farming systems are often constrained by limited soil nitrogen (N) availability. Here we evaluated the effect of foliar organic N and sulphur (S), and selenium (Se) application on durum wheat, considering N uptake, utilization efficiency (NUtE), grain yield, and protein concentration as target variables. Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 on two old (Cappelli and old Saragolla) and two modern (Marco Aurelio and Nadif) Italian durum wheat varieties. Four organic fertilization strategies were evaluated, i.e., the control (CTR, dry blood meal at sowing), the application of foliar N (CTR + N) and S (CTR + S), and their joint use (CTR + NS). Furthermore, a foliar application of sodium selenate was evaluated. Three factors—variety, fertilization strategies and selenium application—were arranged in a split-split-plot design and tested in two growing seasons. The modern variety Marco Aurelio led to the highest NUtE and grain yield in both seasons. S and N applications had a positive synergic effect, especially under drought conditions, on pre-anthesis N uptake, N translocation, NUtE, and grain yield. Se treatment improved post-anthesis N uptake and NUtE, leading to 17% yield increase in the old variety Cappelli, and to 13% and 14% yield increase in Marco Aurelio and Nadif, mainly attributed to NUtE increase. This study demonstrated that the synergistic effect of foliar applications could improve organic durum wheat yields in Mediterranean environments, especially on modern varieties.Federica CarucciGiuseppe GattaAnna GagliardiPasquale De VitaSimone BregaglioMarcella Michela GiulianiMDPI AGarticledurum wheatorganic farmingnitrogensulfurseleniumfoliar applicationBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2444, p 2444 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	durum wheat organic farming nitrogen sulfur selenium foliar application Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	durum wheat organic farming nitrogen sulfur selenium foliar application Botany QK1-989 Federica Carucci Giuseppe Gatta Anna Gagliardi Pasquale De Vita Simone Bregaglio Marcella Michela Giuliani Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area
description	Organic farming systems are often constrained by limited soil nitrogen (N) availability. Here we evaluated the effect of foliar organic N and sulphur (S), and selenium (Se) application on durum wheat, considering N uptake, utilization efficiency (NUtE), grain yield, and protein concentration as target variables. Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 on two old (Cappelli and old Saragolla) and two modern (Marco Aurelio and Nadif) Italian durum wheat varieties. Four organic fertilization strategies were evaluated, i.e., the control (CTR, dry blood meal at sowing), the application of foliar N (CTR + N) and S (CTR + S), and their joint use (CTR + NS). Furthermore, a foliar application of sodium selenate was evaluated. Three factors—variety, fertilization strategies and selenium application—were arranged in a split-split-plot design and tested in two growing seasons. The modern variety Marco Aurelio led to the highest NUtE and grain yield in both seasons. S and N applications had a positive synergic effect, especially under drought conditions, on pre-anthesis N uptake, N translocation, NUtE, and grain yield. Se treatment improved post-anthesis N uptake and NUtE, leading to 17% yield increase in the old variety Cappelli, and to 13% and 14% yield increase in Marco Aurelio and Nadif, mainly attributed to NUtE increase. This study demonstrated that the synergistic effect of foliar applications could improve organic durum wheat yields in Mediterranean environments, especially on modern varieties.
format	article
author	Federica Carucci Giuseppe Gatta Anna Gagliardi Pasquale De Vita Simone Bregaglio Marcella Michela Giuliani
author_facet	Federica Carucci Giuseppe Gatta Anna Gagliardi Pasquale De Vita Simone Bregaglio Marcella Michela Giuliani
author_sort	Federica Carucci
title	Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area
title_short	Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area
title_full	Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area
title_fullStr	Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area
title_full_unstemmed	Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area
title_sort	agronomic strategies to improve n efficiency indices in organic durum wheat grown in mediterranean area
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a41a0c7c9134f8b9034662b5053e8a4
work_keys_str_mv	AT federicacarucci agronomicstrategiestoimprovenefficiencyindicesinorganicdurumwheatgrowninmediterraneanarea AT giuseppegatta agronomicstrategiestoimprovenefficiencyindicesinorganicdurumwheatgrowninmediterraneanarea AT annagagliardi agronomicstrategiestoimprovenefficiencyindicesinorganicdurumwheatgrowninmediterraneanarea AT pasqualedevita agronomicstrategiestoimprovenefficiencyindicesinorganicdurumwheatgrowninmediterraneanarea AT simonebregaglio agronomicstrategiestoimprovenefficiencyindicesinorganicdurumwheatgrowninmediterraneanarea AT marcellamichelagiuliani agronomicstrategiestoimprovenefficiencyindicesinorganicdurumwheatgrowninmediterraneanarea
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Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area

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