Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China

Heritage trees have important ecological, historical, and landscape values in cities. Rapid urbanization may cause dramatic change of ecosystem functions of cities, thereby inevitably affecting the growth performance of ancient trees. However, few studies have explored their species diversity and sp...

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Autores principales:	Kaidi Li, Guangfu Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	old–valuable tree spatial differentiation tree habitat unique species urbanization Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a488a873bb8407ebfc76b1c42c2ce72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a488a873bb8407ebfc76b1c42c2ce722021-11-25T17:38:29ZSpecies Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China10.3390/f121115431999-4907https://doaj.org/article/8a488a873bb8407ebfc76b1c42c2ce722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1543https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Heritage trees have important ecological, historical, and landscape values in cities. Rapid urbanization may cause dramatic change of ecosystem functions of cities, thereby inevitably affecting the growth performance of ancient trees. However, few studies have explored their species diversity and spatial differentiation on the medium scale in the scenario of urbanization in China. Here, we took Jiangsu Province in China, with developed economy in recent decades, as a typical case. Based on the provincial forest inventory data, we addressed the abundance, species richness, tree density, and species diversity of ancient trees in 13 cities, and their tree habitat, growth status, and tree age, as well. Then, we compared the spatial differentiation of tree attributes by 13 districts and nine tree habitats. We also applied detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to determine the leading factor influencing their distribution pattern. The 7678 heritage trees in Jiangsu belonged to 215 species. More than half of the trees were native with domination by <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>. Villages and farmlands accommodated the most heritage trees while parks and gardens harbored the most species. This indicates that sparsely-populated rural community and scenic areas with open space are conducive to accommodating more urban heritage trees. The tier 3 heritage trees (100–299 years) accounted for about 80% of the total. Overall, most ancient trees in Jiangsu grew well. The species diversity index (<i>H</i>) of 13 cities was between 1.98 and 3.39. The <i>H</i> value among the 13 cities was largely affected by elevation range shift, while the tree density by GDP per capita. DCA showed that the ratio of unique species was >40%, and that dominant species presented little habitat preference. Therefore, species diversity among different cities are affected by climate and topography, as well as human factors. With the accelerating urbanization process, tree habitat, cultural tradition, and urban history should be taken into consideration for management and conservation of heritage trees in the future.Kaidi LiGuangfu ZhangMDPI AGarticleold–valuable treespatial differentiationtree habitatunique speciesurbanizationPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1543, p 1543 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	old–valuable tree spatial differentiation tree habitat unique species urbanization Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	old–valuable tree spatial differentiation tree habitat unique species urbanization Plant ecology QK900-989 Kaidi Li Guangfu Zhang Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China
description	Heritage trees have important ecological, historical, and landscape values in cities. Rapid urbanization may cause dramatic change of ecosystem functions of cities, thereby inevitably affecting the growth performance of ancient trees. However, few studies have explored their species diversity and spatial differentiation on the medium scale in the scenario of urbanization in China. Here, we took Jiangsu Province in China, with developed economy in recent decades, as a typical case. Based on the provincial forest inventory data, we addressed the abundance, species richness, tree density, and species diversity of ancient trees in 13 cities, and their tree habitat, growth status, and tree age, as well. Then, we compared the spatial differentiation of tree attributes by 13 districts and nine tree habitats. We also applied detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to determine the leading factor influencing their distribution pattern. The 7678 heritage trees in Jiangsu belonged to 215 species. More than half of the trees were native with domination by <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>. Villages and farmlands accommodated the most heritage trees while parks and gardens harbored the most species. This indicates that sparsely-populated rural community and scenic areas with open space are conducive to accommodating more urban heritage trees. The tier 3 heritage trees (100–299 years) accounted for about 80% of the total. Overall, most ancient trees in Jiangsu grew well. The species diversity index (<i>H</i>) of 13 cities was between 1.98 and 3.39. The <i>H</i> value among the 13 cities was largely affected by elevation range shift, while the tree density by GDP per capita. DCA showed that the ratio of unique species was >40%, and that dominant species presented little habitat preference. Therefore, species diversity among different cities are affected by climate and topography, as well as human factors. With the accelerating urbanization process, tree habitat, cultural tradition, and urban history should be taken into consideration for management and conservation of heritage trees in the future.
format	article
author	Kaidi Li Guangfu Zhang
author_facet	Kaidi Li Guangfu Zhang
author_sort	Kaidi Li
title	Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China
title_short	Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China
title_full	Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China
title_fullStr	Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China
title_full_unstemmed	Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China
title_sort	species diversity and distribution pattern of heritage trees in the rapidly-urbanizing province of jiangsu, china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a488a873bb8407ebfc76b1c42c2ce72
work_keys_str_mv	AT kaidili speciesdiversityanddistributionpatternofheritagetreesintherapidlyurbanizingprovinceofjiangsuchina AT guangfuzhang speciesdiversityanddistributionpatternofheritagetreesintherapidlyurbanizingprovinceofjiangsuchina
_version_	1718412177151361024

Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China

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