Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania

East Coast Fever is a critical cattle disease in East and Southern Africa which is currently mainly controlled through frequent chemical removal of ticks, the disease vector. However, a vaccine conveying life-long immunity has existed for some time, known as the infection and treatment method (ITM),...

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Autores principales:	Nils Teufel, Luke Korir, James Hammond, Mark van Wijk, Henry Kiara
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	vaccination Tanzania East Coast Fever impacts impact pathway Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a5557399b244d3394338d49323ad60b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a5557399b244d3394338d49323ad60b2021-11-11T08:04:17ZFarm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.639762https://doaj.org/article/8a5557399b244d3394338d49323ad60b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.639762/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769East Coast Fever is a critical cattle disease in East and Southern Africa which is currently mainly controlled through frequent chemical removal of ticks, the disease vector. However, a vaccine conveying life-long immunity has existed for some time, known as the infection and treatment method (ITM), although it has so far not been widely adopted because of its cost, demanding distribution system and regulatory reservations. Also, despite having proved effective on the animal level, the promoters of the vaccine have not been able to show much evidence of its benefits on the herd, farm and household levels. This study, based on a cross-sectional survey of 994 cattle keepers throughout Tanzania, aims to provide such evidence by comparing indicators of herd productivity, of farm management and success as well as of household livelihoods between households that have adopted the ITM vaccine for some years with those that have only recently adopted it. Econometric models identify the contribution of ITM adoption to indicator values together with various other determining factors amongst 277 long-term adopters of ITM and the control group of 118 recent adopters as well as 118 matched farmers without access to ITM. The results confirm that ITM adoption is positively associated with all three indicators of herd-productivity considered in this study. However, it does not support any of the three indicators of farm management and only one out of four indicators representing farm success. Nevertheless, the adoption of ITM shows a positive association with all four indicators of household livelihood. Investigating the chain of intermediate outcomes, indicators of herd productivity, such as milk yield, are significantly linked to higher feed expenses, contributing to increased livestock productivity and ultimately income and food availability. Overall, these results therefore support the promotion of ITM as a beneficial technology for the sustainable development of rural livestock keepers.Nils TeufelLuke KorirJames HammondMark van WijkHenry KiaraFrontiers Media S.A.articlevaccinationTanzaniaEast Coast Feverimpactsimpact pathwayVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vaccination Tanzania East Coast Fever impacts impact pathway Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	vaccination Tanzania East Coast Fever impacts impact pathway Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Nils Teufel Luke Korir James Hammond Mark van Wijk Henry Kiara Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania
description	East Coast Fever is a critical cattle disease in East and Southern Africa which is currently mainly controlled through frequent chemical removal of ticks, the disease vector. However, a vaccine conveying life-long immunity has existed for some time, known as the infection and treatment method (ITM), although it has so far not been widely adopted because of its cost, demanding distribution system and regulatory reservations. Also, despite having proved effective on the animal level, the promoters of the vaccine have not been able to show much evidence of its benefits on the herd, farm and household levels. This study, based on a cross-sectional survey of 994 cattle keepers throughout Tanzania, aims to provide such evidence by comparing indicators of herd productivity, of farm management and success as well as of household livelihoods between households that have adopted the ITM vaccine for some years with those that have only recently adopted it. Econometric models identify the contribution of ITM adoption to indicator values together with various other determining factors amongst 277 long-term adopters of ITM and the control group of 118 recent adopters as well as 118 matched farmers without access to ITM. The results confirm that ITM adoption is positively associated with all three indicators of herd-productivity considered in this study. However, it does not support any of the three indicators of farm management and only one out of four indicators representing farm success. Nevertheless, the adoption of ITM shows a positive association with all four indicators of household livelihood. Investigating the chain of intermediate outcomes, indicators of herd productivity, such as milk yield, are significantly linked to higher feed expenses, contributing to increased livestock productivity and ultimately income and food availability. Overall, these results therefore support the promotion of ITM as a beneficial technology for the sustainable development of rural livestock keepers.
format	article
author	Nils Teufel Luke Korir James Hammond Mark van Wijk Henry Kiara
author_facet	Nils Teufel Luke Korir James Hammond Mark van Wijk Henry Kiara
author_sort	Nils Teufel
title	Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania
title_short	Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania
title_full	Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania
title_fullStr	Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania
title_full_unstemmed	Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania
title_sort	farm and livelihood characteristics after itm vaccination against east coast fever in tanzania
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a5557399b244d3394338d49323ad60b
work_keys_str_mv	AT nilsteufel farmandlivelihoodcharacteristicsafteritmvaccinationagainsteastcoastfeverintanzania AT lukekorir farmandlivelihoodcharacteristicsafteritmvaccinationagainsteastcoastfeverintanzania AT jameshammond farmandlivelihoodcharacteristicsafteritmvaccinationagainsteastcoastfeverintanzania AT markvanwijk farmandlivelihoodcharacteristicsafteritmvaccinationagainsteastcoastfeverintanzania AT henrykiara farmandlivelihoodcharacteristicsafteritmvaccinationagainsteastcoastfeverintanzania
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Farm and Livelihood Characteristics After ITM Vaccination Against East Coast Fever in Tanzania

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