The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants

Abstract This study aimed to describe the variety of etiologies currently identified in infants with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and investigate whether there is a relation with hyperinsulinism, echocardiographic characteristics and prognosis. This retrospective cohort study included infants born betwe...

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Autores principales:	Raymond Stegeman, Nina D. Paauw, Rosalie de Graaf, Rosa L. E. van Loon, Jacqueline U. M. Termote, Johannes M. P. J. Breur
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a59adf57ea541cf85c61b74b3c51427
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a59adf57ea541cf85c61b74b3c514272021-12-02T16:51:04ZThe etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants10.1038/s41598-021-90128-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8a59adf57ea541cf85c61b74b3c514272021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90128-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This study aimed to describe the variety of etiologies currently identified in infants with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and investigate whether there is a relation with hyperinsulinism, echocardiographic characteristics and prognosis. This retrospective cohort study included infants born between 2005 and 2018 with CH measured by echocardiography [interventricular septum (IVS) and/or left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness with Z-score ≥ 2.0]. Children with congenital heart disease or hypertension were excluded. Underlying diagnosis, echocardiographic and follow-up data were extracted from patient files. Seventy-one infants with CH were included. An underlying cause of CH was identified in two-thirds (n = 47). Most common etiologies of CH were malformation syndromes (n = 23, including Noonan n = 12) and maternal diabetes mellitus (n = 13). Less common causes were congenital hyperinsulinism (n = 3), metabolic- (n = 5), sarcomeric- (n = 2) and neuromuscular disease (n = 1). In half of the identified causes (n = 22) an association with hyperinsulinism was described, including maternal diabetes mellitus (n = 13), malformation syndromes with insulin resistance (n = 6) and congenital hyperinsulinism (n = 3). CH associated with hyperinsulinism was echocardiographically characterized by lower LVPW thickness, higher IVS:LVPW ratio and more frequent sole involvement of the IVS (all, p ≤ 0.02). CH associated with hyperinsulinism normalized more often (41 vs. 0%) with lower mortality rates (14 vs. 44%) compared to CH not associated with hyperinsulinism (all, p ≤ 0.03). Nowadays, an etiology of CH can be identified in the majority of infants. The development of CH is often associated with hyperinsulinism which is mainly characterized by focal hypertrophy of the IVS on echocardiography. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause and is more favorable in CH associated with hyperinsulinism.Raymond StegemanNina D. PaauwRosalie de GraafRosa L. E. van LoonJacqueline U. M. TermoteJohannes M. P. J. BreurNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Raymond Stegeman Nina D. Paauw Rosalie de Graaf Rosa L. E. van Loon Jacqueline U. M. Termote Johannes M. P. J. Breur The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
description	Abstract This study aimed to describe the variety of etiologies currently identified in infants with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and investigate whether there is a relation with hyperinsulinism, echocardiographic characteristics and prognosis. This retrospective cohort study included infants born between 2005 and 2018 with CH measured by echocardiography [interventricular septum (IVS) and/or left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness with Z-score ≥ 2.0]. Children with congenital heart disease or hypertension were excluded. Underlying diagnosis, echocardiographic and follow-up data were extracted from patient files. Seventy-one infants with CH were included. An underlying cause of CH was identified in two-thirds (n = 47). Most common etiologies of CH were malformation syndromes (n = 23, including Noonan n = 12) and maternal diabetes mellitus (n = 13). Less common causes were congenital hyperinsulinism (n = 3), metabolic- (n = 5), sarcomeric- (n = 2) and neuromuscular disease (n = 1). In half of the identified causes (n = 22) an association with hyperinsulinism was described, including maternal diabetes mellitus (n = 13), malformation syndromes with insulin resistance (n = 6) and congenital hyperinsulinism (n = 3). CH associated with hyperinsulinism was echocardiographically characterized by lower LVPW thickness, higher IVS:LVPW ratio and more frequent sole involvement of the IVS (all, p ≤ 0.02). CH associated with hyperinsulinism normalized more often (41 vs. 0%) with lower mortality rates (14 vs. 44%) compared to CH not associated with hyperinsulinism (all, p ≤ 0.03). Nowadays, an etiology of CH can be identified in the majority of infants. The development of CH is often associated with hyperinsulinism which is mainly characterized by focal hypertrophy of the IVS on echocardiography. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause and is more favorable in CH associated with hyperinsulinism.
format	article
author	Raymond Stegeman Nina D. Paauw Rosalie de Graaf Rosa L. E. van Loon Jacqueline U. M. Termote Johannes M. P. J. Breur
author_facet	Raymond Stegeman Nina D. Paauw Rosalie de Graaf Rosa L. E. van Loon Jacqueline U. M. Termote Johannes M. P. J. Breur
author_sort	Raymond Stegeman
title	The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
title_short	The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
title_full	The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
title_fullStr	The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
title_full_unstemmed	The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
title_sort	etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a59adf57ea541cf85c61b74b3c51427
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The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants

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