Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.

Plants respond to herbivory with the emission of induced plant volatiles. These volatiles may attract parasitic wasps (parasitoids) that attack the herbivores. Although in this sense the emission of volatiles has been hypothesized to be beneficial to the plant, it is still debated whether this is al...

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Autores principales:	Erik H Poelman, Maaike Bruinsma, Feng Zhu, Berhane T Weldegergis, Aline E Boursault, Yde Jongema, Joop J A van Loon, Louise E M Vet, Jeffrey A Harvey, Marcel Dicke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a5b5f218bc6421ea4fa798147b60ce0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a5b5f218bc6421ea4fa798147b60ce02021-11-18T05:37:21ZHyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001435https://doaj.org/article/8a5b5f218bc6421ea4fa798147b60ce02012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23209379/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Plants respond to herbivory with the emission of induced plant volatiles. These volatiles may attract parasitic wasps (parasitoids) that attack the herbivores. Although in this sense the emission of volatiles has been hypothesized to be beneficial to the plant, it is still debated whether this is also the case under natural conditions because other organisms such as herbivores also respond to the emitted volatiles. One important group of organisms, the enemies of parasitoids, hyperparasitoids, has not been included in this debate because little is known about their foraging behaviour. Here, we address whether hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their host. We show that hyperparasitoids find their victims through herbivore-induced plant volatiles emitted in response to attack by caterpillars that in turn had been parasitized by primary parasitoids. Moreover, only one of two species of parasitoids affected herbivore-induced plant volatiles resulting in the attraction of more hyperparasitoids than volatiles from plants damaged by healthy caterpillars. This resulted in higher levels of hyperparasitism of the parasitoid that indirectly gave away its presence through its effect on plant odours induced by its caterpillar host. Here, we provide evidence for a role of compounds in the oral secretion of parasitized caterpillars that induce these changes in plant volatile emission. Our results demonstrate that the effects of herbivore-induced plant volatiles should be placed in a community-wide perspective that includes species in the fourth trophic level to improve our understanding of the ecological functions of volatile release by plants. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the impact of species in the fourth trophic level should also be considered when developing Integrated Pest Management strategies aimed at optimizing the control of insect pests using parasitoids.Erik H PoelmanMaaike BruinsmaFeng ZhuBerhane T WeldegergisAline E BoursaultYde JongemaJoop J A van LoonLouise E M VetJeffrey A HarveyMarcel DickePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 10, Iss 11, p e1001435 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Erik H Poelman Maaike Bruinsma Feng Zhu Berhane T Weldegergis Aline E Boursault Yde Jongema Joop J A van Loon Louise E M Vet Jeffrey A Harvey Marcel Dicke Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.
description	Plants respond to herbivory with the emission of induced plant volatiles. These volatiles may attract parasitic wasps (parasitoids) that attack the herbivores. Although in this sense the emission of volatiles has been hypothesized to be beneficial to the plant, it is still debated whether this is also the case under natural conditions because other organisms such as herbivores also respond to the emitted volatiles. One important group of organisms, the enemies of parasitoids, hyperparasitoids, has not been included in this debate because little is known about their foraging behaviour. Here, we address whether hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their host. We show that hyperparasitoids find their victims through herbivore-induced plant volatiles emitted in response to attack by caterpillars that in turn had been parasitized by primary parasitoids. Moreover, only one of two species of parasitoids affected herbivore-induced plant volatiles resulting in the attraction of more hyperparasitoids than volatiles from plants damaged by healthy caterpillars. This resulted in higher levels of hyperparasitism of the parasitoid that indirectly gave away its presence through its effect on plant odours induced by its caterpillar host. Here, we provide evidence for a role of compounds in the oral secretion of parasitized caterpillars that induce these changes in plant volatile emission. Our results demonstrate that the effects of herbivore-induced plant volatiles should be placed in a community-wide perspective that includes species in the fourth trophic level to improve our understanding of the ecological functions of volatile release by plants. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the impact of species in the fourth trophic level should also be considered when developing Integrated Pest Management strategies aimed at optimizing the control of insect pests using parasitoids.
format	article
author	Erik H Poelman Maaike Bruinsma Feng Zhu Berhane T Weldegergis Aline E Boursault Yde Jongema Joop J A van Loon Louise E M Vet Jeffrey A Harvey Marcel Dicke
author_facet	Erik H Poelman Maaike Bruinsma Feng Zhu Berhane T Weldegergis Aline E Boursault Yde Jongema Joop J A van Loon Louise E M Vet Jeffrey A Harvey Marcel Dicke
author_sort	Erik H Poelman
title	Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.
title_short	Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.
title_full	Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.
title_fullStr	Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.
title_full_unstemmed	Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.
title_sort	hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a5b5f218bc6421ea4fa798147b60ce0
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Hyperparasitoids use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their parasitoid host.

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