Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis

In this article, five new organic dyes based on the naphthalimide scaffold (Napht-1–Napht-5) were synthesized and tested as high-performance photoinitiators for both the Free Radical Photopolymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the Cationic Polymerization (CP) of epoxides using blue Light-Emitting Dio...

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Autores principales:	Mahmoud Rahal, Bernadette Graff, Joumana Toufaily, Tayssir Hamieh, Malika Ibrahim-Ouali, Frédéric Dumur, Jacques Lalevée
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	naphthalimide free radical polymerization cationic polymerization LED 3D printing photocomposites Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a5c4f1d313444669ad5b7493f020a26
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a5c4f1d313444669ad5b7493f020a262021-11-25T17:05:14ZNaphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis10.3390/catal111112692073-4344https://doaj.org/article/8a5c4f1d313444669ad5b7493f020a262021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1269https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344In this article, five new organic dyes based on the naphthalimide scaffold (Napht-1–Napht-5) were synthesized and tested as high-performance photoinitiators for both the Free Radical Photopolymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the Cationic Polymerization (CP) of epoxides using blue Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as a safe irradiation source (LED @405 nm and 455). In fact, very good photopolymerization profiles (high final conversions and high polymerization rates) were obtained once these photoinitiators were combined with an Iodonium salt (Iod) or Iod/amine NPG and NVK). Remarkably, these dyes were able to generate interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) by polymerization of a blend of monomers. These experiments were carried out to improve the polymerization profiles as well as the mechanical properties of the obtained materials. Due to their high photoinitiation abilities, these compounds were used in some applications such as photocomposite synthesis, direct laser write, and 3D printing experiments. To determine the chemical mechanisms, the photochemical/photophysical properties of these compounds were studied using different characterization techniques such as UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, steady-state photolysis, Fluorescence quenching, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetryMahmoud RahalBernadette GraffJoumana ToufailyTayssir HamiehMalika Ibrahim-OualiFrédéric DumurJacques LalevéeMDPI AGarticlenaphthalimidefree radical polymerizationcationic polymerizationLED3D printingphotocompositesChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1269, p 1269 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	naphthalimide free radical polymerization cationic polymerization LED 3D printing photocomposites Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	naphthalimide free radical polymerization cationic polymerization LED 3D printing photocomposites Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Mahmoud Rahal Bernadette Graff Joumana Toufaily Tayssir Hamieh Malika Ibrahim-Ouali Frédéric Dumur Jacques Lalevée Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis
description	In this article, five new organic dyes based on the naphthalimide scaffold (Napht-1–Napht-5) were synthesized and tested as high-performance photoinitiators for both the Free Radical Photopolymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the Cationic Polymerization (CP) of epoxides using blue Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as a safe irradiation source (LED @405 nm and 455). In fact, very good photopolymerization profiles (high final conversions and high polymerization rates) were obtained once these photoinitiators were combined with an Iodonium salt (Iod) or Iod/amine NPG and NVK). Remarkably, these dyes were able to generate interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) by polymerization of a blend of monomers. These experiments were carried out to improve the polymerization profiles as well as the mechanical properties of the obtained materials. Due to their high photoinitiation abilities, these compounds were used in some applications such as photocomposite synthesis, direct laser write, and 3D printing experiments. To determine the chemical mechanisms, the photochemical/photophysical properties of these compounds were studied using different characterization techniques such as UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, steady-state photolysis, Fluorescence quenching, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry
format	article
author	Mahmoud Rahal Bernadette Graff Joumana Toufaily Tayssir Hamieh Malika Ibrahim-Ouali Frédéric Dumur Jacques Lalevée
author_facet	Mahmoud Rahal Bernadette Graff Joumana Toufaily Tayssir Hamieh Malika Ibrahim-Ouali Frédéric Dumur Jacques Lalevée
author_sort	Mahmoud Rahal
title	Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis
title_short	Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis
title_full	Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis
title_fullStr	Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis
title_full_unstemmed	Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis
title_sort	naphthyl-naphthalimides as high-performance visible light photoinitiators for 3d printing and photocomposites synthesis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a5c4f1d313444669ad5b7493f020a26
work_keys_str_mv	AT mahmoudrahal naphthylnaphthalimidesashighperformancevisiblelightphotoinitiatorsfor3dprintingandphotocompositessynthesis AT bernadettegraff naphthylnaphthalimidesashighperformancevisiblelightphotoinitiatorsfor3dprintingandphotocompositessynthesis AT joumanatoufaily naphthylnaphthalimidesashighperformancevisiblelightphotoinitiatorsfor3dprintingandphotocompositessynthesis AT tayssirhamieh naphthylnaphthalimidesashighperformancevisiblelightphotoinitiatorsfor3dprintingandphotocompositessynthesis AT malikaibrahimouali naphthylnaphthalimidesashighperformancevisiblelightphotoinitiatorsfor3dprintingandphotocompositessynthesis AT fredericdumur naphthylnaphthalimidesashighperformancevisiblelightphotoinitiatorsfor3dprintingandphotocompositessynthesis AT jacqueslalevee naphthylnaphthalimidesashighperformancevisiblelightphotoinitiatorsfor3dprintingandphotocompositessynthesis
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Naphthyl-Naphthalimides as High-Performance Visible Light Photoinitiators for 3D Printing and Photocomposites Synthesis

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