Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone

Context: Menthol, the main monoterpene found in Mentha piperita L. (M. piperita) is known to modulate nociceptive threshold and is present in different curative preparations that reduce sensory hypersensitivities in pain conditions. While for pulegone, a menthol-like monoterpene, only a limited numb...

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Autores principales:	Louis Hilfiger, Zélie Triaux, Christophe Marcic, Eléa Héberlé, Fathi Emhemmed, Pascal Darbon, Eric Marchioni, Hugues Petitjean, Alexandre Charlet
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	pulegone pain rodent menthol inflammatory pain monoterpene Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a6ff5354e9e4a908d0f21556b2e440c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a6ff5354e9e4a908d0f21556b2e440c2021-12-01T20:30:41ZAnti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone1663-981210.3389/fphar.2021.753873https://doaj.org/article/8a6ff5354e9e4a908d0f21556b2e440c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.753873/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812Context: Menthol, the main monoterpene found in Mentha piperita L. (M. piperita) is known to modulate nociceptive threshold and is present in different curative preparations that reduce sensory hypersensitivities in pain conditions. While for pulegone, a menthol-like monoterpene, only a limited number of studies focus on its putative analgesic effects, pulegone is the most abundant monoterpene present in Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi (C. nepeta), a plant of the Lamiaceae family used in traditional medicine to alleviate rheumatic disorders, which counts amongst chronic inflammatory diseases.Objectives: Here, we analyzed the monoterpenes composition of C. nepeta and M. piperita. We then compared the putative anti-hyperalgesic effects of the main monoterpenes found, menthol and pulegone, in acute inflammatory pain conditions.Methods:C. nepeta and M. piperita extracts were obtained through pressurized liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of menthol or pulegone was evaluated by measuring the secretion of the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. The in vivo anti-hyperalgesic effects of menthol and pulegone were tested on a rat inflammatory pain model.Results: Pulegone and menthol are the most abundant monoterpene found in C. nepeta (49.41%) and M. piperita (42.85%) extracts, respectively. In vitro, both pulegone and menthol act as strong anti-inflammatory molecules, with EC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.2 and 1.5 ± 0.1 mM, respectively, and exert cytotoxicity with EC50 values of 6.6 ± 0.3 and 3.5 ± 0.2 mM, respectively. In vivo, 100 mg/kg pulegone exerts a transient anti-hyperalgesic effect on both mechanical (pulegone: 274.25 ± 68.89 g, n = 8; vehicle: 160.88 ± 35.17 g, n = 8, p < 0.0001), thermal heat (pulegone: 4.09 ± 0.62 s, n = 8; vehicle: 2.25 ± 0.34 s, n = 8, p < 0.0001), and cold (pulegone: 2.25 ± 1.28 score, n = 8; vehicle: 4.75 ± 1.04 score, n = 8, p = 0.0003). In a similar way, 100 mg/kg menthol exerts a transient anti-hyperalgesic effect on both mechanical (mechanical: menthol: 281.63 ± 45.52 g, n = 8; vehicle: 166.25 ± 35.4 g, n = 8, p < 0.0001) and thermal heat (menthol: 3.65 ± 0.88 s, n = 8; vehicle: 2.19 ± 0.26 s, n = 8, <0.0001).Conclusion: Here, we show that both pulegone and menthol are anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic monoterpenes. These results might open the path towards new compound mixes to alleviate the pain sensation.Louis HilfigerLouis HilfigerZélie TriauxZélie TriauxChristophe MarcicEléa HéberléFathi EmhemmedPascal DarbonEric MarchioniHugues PetitjeanAlexandre CharletFrontiers Media S.A.articlepulegonepainrodentmentholinflammatory painmonoterpeneTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENFrontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pulegone pain rodent menthol inflammatory pain monoterpene Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	pulegone pain rodent menthol inflammatory pain monoterpene Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Louis Hilfiger Louis Hilfiger Zélie Triaux Zélie Triaux Christophe Marcic Eléa Héberlé Fathi Emhemmed Pascal Darbon Eric Marchioni Hugues Petitjean Alexandre Charlet Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone
description	Context: Menthol, the main monoterpene found in Mentha piperita L. (M. piperita) is known to modulate nociceptive threshold and is present in different curative preparations that reduce sensory hypersensitivities in pain conditions. While for pulegone, a menthol-like monoterpene, only a limited number of studies focus on its putative analgesic effects, pulegone is the most abundant monoterpene present in Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi (C. nepeta), a plant of the Lamiaceae family used in traditional medicine to alleviate rheumatic disorders, which counts amongst chronic inflammatory diseases.Objectives: Here, we analyzed the monoterpenes composition of C. nepeta and M. piperita. We then compared the putative anti-hyperalgesic effects of the main monoterpenes found, menthol and pulegone, in acute inflammatory pain conditions.Methods:C. nepeta and M. piperita extracts were obtained through pressurized liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of menthol or pulegone was evaluated by measuring the secretion of the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. The in vivo anti-hyperalgesic effects of menthol and pulegone were tested on a rat inflammatory pain model.Results: Pulegone and menthol are the most abundant monoterpene found in C. nepeta (49.41%) and M. piperita (42.85%) extracts, respectively. In vitro, both pulegone and menthol act as strong anti-inflammatory molecules, with EC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.2 and 1.5 ± 0.1 mM, respectively, and exert cytotoxicity with EC50 values of 6.6 ± 0.3 and 3.5 ± 0.2 mM, respectively. In vivo, 100 mg/kg pulegone exerts a transient anti-hyperalgesic effect on both mechanical (pulegone: 274.25 ± 68.89 g, n = 8; vehicle: 160.88 ± 35.17 g, n = 8, p < 0.0001), thermal heat (pulegone: 4.09 ± 0.62 s, n = 8; vehicle: 2.25 ± 0.34 s, n = 8, p < 0.0001), and cold (pulegone: 2.25 ± 1.28 score, n = 8; vehicle: 4.75 ± 1.04 score, n = 8, p = 0.0003). In a similar way, 100 mg/kg menthol exerts a transient anti-hyperalgesic effect on both mechanical (mechanical: menthol: 281.63 ± 45.52 g, n = 8; vehicle: 166.25 ± 35.4 g, n = 8, p < 0.0001) and thermal heat (menthol: 3.65 ± 0.88 s, n = 8; vehicle: 2.19 ± 0.26 s, n = 8, <0.0001).Conclusion: Here, we show that both pulegone and menthol are anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic monoterpenes. These results might open the path towards new compound mixes to alleviate the pain sensation.
format	article
author	Louis Hilfiger Louis Hilfiger Zélie Triaux Zélie Triaux Christophe Marcic Eléa Héberlé Fathi Emhemmed Pascal Darbon Eric Marchioni Hugues Petitjean Alexandre Charlet
author_facet	Louis Hilfiger Louis Hilfiger Zélie Triaux Zélie Triaux Christophe Marcic Eléa Héberlé Fathi Emhemmed Pascal Darbon Eric Marchioni Hugues Petitjean Alexandre Charlet
author_sort	Louis Hilfiger
title	Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone
title_short	Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone
title_full	Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone
title_fullStr	Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone
title_full_unstemmed	Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone
title_sort	anti-hyperalgesic properties of menthol and pulegone
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a6ff5354e9e4a908d0f21556b2e440c
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Anti-Hyperalgesic Properties of Menthol and Pulegone

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