The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.

Microbial symbioses have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, but the genetic changes underlying transitions to symbiosis are largely unknown, especially for eukaryotic microbial symbionts. We used the genus Amanita, an iconic group of mushroom-forming fungi engaged in ectomycorrhizal symbios...

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Autores principales:	Benjamin E Wolfe, Rodham E Tulloss, Anne Pringle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a846b8eec2b4520bf37b24043c27200
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a846b8eec2b4520bf37b24043c272002021-11-18T07:12:06ZThe irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0039597https://doaj.org/article/8a846b8eec2b4520bf37b24043c272002012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22815710/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Microbial symbioses have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, but the genetic changes underlying transitions to symbiosis are largely unknown, especially for eukaryotic microbial symbionts. We used the genus Amanita, an iconic group of mushroom-forming fungi engaged in ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, to identify both the origins and potential genetic changes maintaining the stability of this mutualism. A multi-gene phylogeny reveals one origin of the symbiosis within Amanita, with a single transition from saprotrophic decomposition of dead organic matter to biotrophic dependence on host plants for carbon. Associated with this transition are the losses of two cellulase genes, each of which plays a critical role in extracellular decomposition of organic matter. However a third gene, which acts at later stages in cellulose decomposition, is retained by many, but not all, ectomycorrhizal species. Experiments confirm that symbiotic Amanita species have lost the ability to grow on complex organic matter and have therefore lost the capacity to live in forest soils without carbon supplied by a host plant. Irreversible losses of decomposition pathways are likely to play key roles in the evolutionary stability of these ubiquitous mutualisms.Benjamin E WolfeRodham E TullossAnne PringlePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e39597 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Benjamin E Wolfe Rodham E Tulloss Anne Pringle The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
description	Microbial symbioses have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, but the genetic changes underlying transitions to symbiosis are largely unknown, especially for eukaryotic microbial symbionts. We used the genus Amanita, an iconic group of mushroom-forming fungi engaged in ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, to identify both the origins and potential genetic changes maintaining the stability of this mutualism. A multi-gene phylogeny reveals one origin of the symbiosis within Amanita, with a single transition from saprotrophic decomposition of dead organic matter to biotrophic dependence on host plants for carbon. Associated with this transition are the losses of two cellulase genes, each of which plays a critical role in extracellular decomposition of organic matter. However a third gene, which acts at later stages in cellulose decomposition, is retained by many, but not all, ectomycorrhizal species. Experiments confirm that symbiotic Amanita species have lost the ability to grow on complex organic matter and have therefore lost the capacity to live in forest soils without carbon supplied by a host plant. Irreversible losses of decomposition pathways are likely to play key roles in the evolutionary stability of these ubiquitous mutualisms.
format	article
author	Benjamin E Wolfe Rodham E Tulloss Anne Pringle
author_facet	Benjamin E Wolfe Rodham E Tulloss Anne Pringle
author_sort	Benjamin E Wolfe
title	The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
title_short	The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
title_full	The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
title_fullStr	The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
title_full_unstemmed	The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
title_sort	irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a846b8eec2b4520bf37b24043c27200
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The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.

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