Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño

Abstract The extreme El Niño (EN) events in 1997/98 and 1982/83, referred to as super EN, exerted remarkable global influence. A super EN was anticipated on the way in early 2014 but failed to materialize toward the end of 2014. Whilst the scientific community was still puzzling about the cause of t...

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Autores principales:	Lin Chen, Tim Li, Bin Wang, Lu Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8a875eccbb404b0d8855b0fbb882e903
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8a875eccbb404b0d8855b0fbb882e903
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8a875eccbb404b0d8855b0fbb882e9032021-12-02T15:05:44ZFormation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño10.1038/s41598-017-02926-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8a875eccbb404b0d8855b0fbb882e9032017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02926-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The extreme El Niño (EN) events in 1997/98 and 1982/83, referred to as super EN, exerted remarkable global influence. A super EN was anticipated on the way in early 2014 but failed to materialize toward the end of 2014. Whilst the scientific community was still puzzling about the cause of the aborted EN event in 2014, the remnants of the decaying warming in late 2014 unexpectedly reignited since February 2015 and grew into a super EN by the end of 2015. Understanding the onset mechanism of the 2015 EN event and its differences from past super EN events is crucial for improving EN prediction in a changing climate. Our observational analyses and modeling studies demonstrate that the principal difference between the 2015 EN and the past super ENs lies in exceptionally strong and consecutive occurrence of westerly wind burst events that turned around unfavorable ocean thermocline conditions in tropical western Pacific in early 2015, reigniting rapidly the surface warming in the eastern Pacific. By August the sea surface temperature anomalies reached a critical amplitude similar to that of the past super ENs; positive atmosphere-ocean feedbacks further amplify this warm episode into a super EN by the end of 2015.Lin ChenTim LiBin WangLu WangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lin Chen Tim Li Bin Wang Lu Wang Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño
description	Abstract The extreme El Niño (EN) events in 1997/98 and 1982/83, referred to as super EN, exerted remarkable global influence. A super EN was anticipated on the way in early 2014 but failed to materialize toward the end of 2014. Whilst the scientific community was still puzzling about the cause of the aborted EN event in 2014, the remnants of the decaying warming in late 2014 unexpectedly reignited since February 2015 and grew into a super EN by the end of 2015. Understanding the onset mechanism of the 2015 EN event and its differences from past super EN events is crucial for improving EN prediction in a changing climate. Our observational analyses and modeling studies demonstrate that the principal difference between the 2015 EN and the past super ENs lies in exceptionally strong and consecutive occurrence of westerly wind burst events that turned around unfavorable ocean thermocline conditions in tropical western Pacific in early 2015, reigniting rapidly the surface warming in the eastern Pacific. By August the sea surface temperature anomalies reached a critical amplitude similar to that of the past super ENs; positive atmosphere-ocean feedbacks further amplify this warm episode into a super EN by the end of 2015.
format	article
author	Lin Chen Tim Li Bin Wang Lu Wang
author_facet	Lin Chen Tim Li Bin Wang Lu Wang
author_sort	Lin Chen
title	Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño
title_short	Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño
title_full	Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño
title_fullStr	Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño
title_full_unstemmed	Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño
title_sort	formation mechanism for 2015/16 super el niño
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/8a875eccbb404b0d8855b0fbb882e903
work_keys_str_mv	AT linchen formationmechanismfor201516superelnino AT timli formationmechanismfor201516superelnino AT binwang formationmechanismfor201516superelnino AT luwang formationmechanismfor201516superelnino
_version_	1718388715777163264

Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño

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