The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation
Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity; these alterations can provide the plant with protection from environmental stresses. During plant growth and development, these processes play a significant r...
Guardado en:
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | article |
Lenguaje: | EN |
Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/8aca87771b28432f84048c05b6619eb6 |
Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
id |
oai:doaj.org-article:8aca87771b28432f84048c05b6619eb6 |
---|---|
record_format |
dspace |
spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:8aca87771b28432f84048c05b6619eb62021-11-11T16:51:37ZThe Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation10.3390/ijms2221113871422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/8aca87771b28432f84048c05b6619eb62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11387https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity; these alterations can provide the plant with protection from environmental stresses. During plant growth and development, these processes play a significant role in regulating gene expression to remodel chromatin structure. These epigenetic alterations are mainly regulated by transposable elements (TEs) whose abundance in plant genomes results in their interaction with genomes. Thus, TEs are the main source of epigenetic changes and form a substantial part of the plant genome. Furthermore, TEs can be activated under stress conditions, and activated elements cause mutagenic effects and substantial genetic variability. This introduces novel gene functions and structural variation in the insertion sites and primarily contributes to epigenetic modifications. Altogether, these modifications indirectly or directly provide the ability to withstand environmental stresses. In recent years, many studies have shown that TE methylation plays a major role in the evolution of the plant genome through epigenetic process that regulate gene imprinting, thereby upholding genome stability. The induced genetic rearrangements and insertions of mobile genetic elements in regions of active euchromatin contribute to genome alteration, leading to genomic stress. These TE-mediated epigenetic modifications lead to phenotypic diversity, genetic variation, and environmental stress tolerance. Thus, TE methylation is essential for plant evolution and stress adaptation, and TEs hold a relevant military position in the plant genome. High-throughput techniques have greatly advanced the understanding of TE-mediated gene expression and its associations with genome methylation and suggest that controlled mobilization of TEs could be used for crop breeding. However, development application in this area has been limited, and an integrated view of TE function and subsequent processes is lacking. In this review, we explore the enormous diversity and likely functions of the TE repertoire in adaptive evolution and discuss some recent examples of how TEs impact gene expression in plant development and stress adaptation.Muthusamy RamakrishnanLakkakula SatishRuslan KalendarMathiyazhagan NarayananSabariswaran KandasamyAnket SharmaAbolghassem EmamverdianQiang WeiMingbing ZhouMDPI AGarticleepigeneticstransposable elementsretrotransposongene regulationTE methylationmeasurement of TEsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11387, p 11387 (2021) |
institution |
DOAJ |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
EN |
topic |
epigenetics transposable elements retrotransposon gene regulation TE methylation measurement of TEs Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
epigenetics transposable elements retrotransposon gene regulation TE methylation measurement of TEs Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Muthusamy Ramakrishnan Lakkakula Satish Ruslan Kalendar Mathiyazhagan Narayanan Sabariswaran Kandasamy Anket Sharma Abolghassem Emamverdian Qiang Wei Mingbing Zhou The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation |
description |
Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity; these alterations can provide the plant with protection from environmental stresses. During plant growth and development, these processes play a significant role in regulating gene expression to remodel chromatin structure. These epigenetic alterations are mainly regulated by transposable elements (TEs) whose abundance in plant genomes results in their interaction with genomes. Thus, TEs are the main source of epigenetic changes and form a substantial part of the plant genome. Furthermore, TEs can be activated under stress conditions, and activated elements cause mutagenic effects and substantial genetic variability. This introduces novel gene functions and structural variation in the insertion sites and primarily contributes to epigenetic modifications. Altogether, these modifications indirectly or directly provide the ability to withstand environmental stresses. In recent years, many studies have shown that TE methylation plays a major role in the evolution of the plant genome through epigenetic process that regulate gene imprinting, thereby upholding genome stability. The induced genetic rearrangements and insertions of mobile genetic elements in regions of active euchromatin contribute to genome alteration, leading to genomic stress. These TE-mediated epigenetic modifications lead to phenotypic diversity, genetic variation, and environmental stress tolerance. Thus, TE methylation is essential for plant evolution and stress adaptation, and TEs hold a relevant military position in the plant genome. High-throughput techniques have greatly advanced the understanding of TE-mediated gene expression and its associations with genome methylation and suggest that controlled mobilization of TEs could be used for crop breeding. However, development application in this area has been limited, and an integrated view of TE function and subsequent processes is lacking. In this review, we explore the enormous diversity and likely functions of the TE repertoire in adaptive evolution and discuss some recent examples of how TEs impact gene expression in plant development and stress adaptation. |
format |
article |
author |
Muthusamy Ramakrishnan Lakkakula Satish Ruslan Kalendar Mathiyazhagan Narayanan Sabariswaran Kandasamy Anket Sharma Abolghassem Emamverdian Qiang Wei Mingbing Zhou |
author_facet |
Muthusamy Ramakrishnan Lakkakula Satish Ruslan Kalendar Mathiyazhagan Narayanan Sabariswaran Kandasamy Anket Sharma Abolghassem Emamverdian Qiang Wei Mingbing Zhou |
author_sort |
Muthusamy Ramakrishnan |
title |
The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation |
title_short |
The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation |
title_full |
The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation |
title_fullStr |
The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation |
title_sort |
dynamism of transposon methylation for plant development and stress adaptation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/8aca87771b28432f84048c05b6619eb6 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT muthusamyramakrishnan thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT lakkakulasatish thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT ruslankalendar thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT mathiyazhagannarayanan thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT sabariswarankandasamy thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT anketsharma thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT abolghassememamverdian thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT qiangwei thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT mingbingzhou thedynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT muthusamyramakrishnan dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT lakkakulasatish dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT ruslankalendar dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT mathiyazhagannarayanan dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT sabariswarankandasamy dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT anketsharma dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT abolghassememamverdian dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT qiangwei dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation AT mingbingzhou dynamismoftransposonmethylationforplantdevelopmentandstressadaptation |
_version_ |
1718432250785169408 |