Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

The deterioration signs of water quality in the Hau River are apparent. The present study analyzed the surface water quality of the Hau River using multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Eleven water quality parameters were analyz...

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Autores principales:	Fridah Gacheri Mutea, Howard Kasigwa Nelson, Hoa Van Au, Truong Giang Huynh, Ut Ngoc Vu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	pollution river water cluster analysis accumulation factor anthropogenic activities Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ad64ae25e484d149052dfc28b3e2556
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ad64ae25e484d149052dfc28b3e25562021-11-25T19:16:46ZAssessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis10.3390/w132233072073-4441https://doaj.org/article/8ad64ae25e484d149052dfc28b3e25562021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3307https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The deterioration signs of water quality in the Hau River are apparent. The present study analyzed the surface water quality of the Hau River using multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Eleven water quality parameters were analyzed at 19 different sites in An Giang and Can Tho Provinces for 12 months from January to December 2019. The findings show high levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Soluble Solids (TSS), and total coliform, all year round. The PCA revealed that all the water quality parameters influenced the water quality of the Hau River, hence the relevance for water sample scrutiny. The dendrogram of similarity between sampling sites showed a maximum similarity of 95.6%. The Accumulation Factor (AF) trend showed that the concentrations/values of TSS, BOD, and phosphate (PO4<sup>3−</sup>) in the downstream were 1.29, 1.53, and 1.52 times, respectively, greater than the upstream levels. Despite most of the parameters analyzed supporting aquaculture production, caution is needed in the regulation of pollution point sources to undertake sustainable aquaculture production.Fridah Gacheri MuteaHoward Kasigwa NelsonHoa Van AuTruong Giang HuynhUt Ngoc VuMDPI AGarticlepollutionriver watercluster analysisaccumulation factoranthropogenic activitiesHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3307, p 3307 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pollution river water cluster analysis accumulation factor anthropogenic activities Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	pollution river water cluster analysis accumulation factor anthropogenic activities Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Fridah Gacheri Mutea Howard Kasigwa Nelson Hoa Van Au Truong Giang Huynh Ut Ngoc Vu Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
description	The deterioration signs of water quality in the Hau River are apparent. The present study analyzed the surface water quality of the Hau River using multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Eleven water quality parameters were analyzed at 19 different sites in An Giang and Can Tho Provinces for 12 months from January to December 2019. The findings show high levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Soluble Solids (TSS), and total coliform, all year round. The PCA revealed that all the water quality parameters influenced the water quality of the Hau River, hence the relevance for water sample scrutiny. The dendrogram of similarity between sampling sites showed a maximum similarity of 95.6%. The Accumulation Factor (AF) trend showed that the concentrations/values of TSS, BOD, and phosphate (PO4<sup>3−</sup>) in the downstream were 1.29, 1.53, and 1.52 times, respectively, greater than the upstream levels. Despite most of the parameters analyzed supporting aquaculture production, caution is needed in the regulation of pollution point sources to undertake sustainable aquaculture production.
format	article
author	Fridah Gacheri Mutea Howard Kasigwa Nelson Hoa Van Au Truong Giang Huynh Ut Ngoc Vu
author_facet	Fridah Gacheri Mutea Howard Kasigwa Nelson Hoa Van Au Truong Giang Huynh Ut Ngoc Vu
author_sort	Fridah Gacheri Mutea
title	Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
title_short	Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
title_full	Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
title_fullStr	Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
title_sort	assessment of water quality for aquaculture in hau river, mekong delta, vietnam using multivariate statistical analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ad64ae25e484d149052dfc28b3e2556
work_keys_str_mv	AT fridahgacherimutea assessmentofwaterqualityforaquacultureinhaurivermekongdeltavietnamusingmultivariatestatisticalanalysis AT howardkasigwanelson assessmentofwaterqualityforaquacultureinhaurivermekongdeltavietnamusingmultivariatestatisticalanalysis AT hoavanau assessmentofwaterqualityforaquacultureinhaurivermekongdeltavietnamusingmultivariatestatisticalanalysis AT truonggianghuynh assessmentofwaterqualityforaquacultureinhaurivermekongdeltavietnamusingmultivariatestatisticalanalysis AT utngocvu assessmentofwaterqualityforaquacultureinhaurivermekongdeltavietnamusingmultivariatestatisticalanalysis
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Assessment of Water Quality for Aquaculture in Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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