Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging

Background: Neuroscience lacks a reliable method of screening the early stages of dementia.Objective: To improve the diagnostics of age-related cognitive functions by developing insight into the proportionality of age-related changes in cognitive subdomains.Materials and Methods: We composed a batte...

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Autores principales:	Yauhen Statsenko, Tetiana Habuza, Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom, Nazar Zaki, Taleb M. Almansoori, Fatmah Al Zahmi, Milos R. Ljubisavljevic, Maroua Belghali
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	machine learning cognitive domains cognitive decline aging clinical psychology neurodegeneration Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8ae8996c30514c619b53f9d91d130ebb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8ae8996c30514c619b53f9d91d130ebb2021-11-15T06:40:14ZProportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging1663-436510.3389/fnagi.2021.673469https://doaj.org/article/8ae8996c30514c619b53f9d91d130ebb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.673469/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-4365Background: Neuroscience lacks a reliable method of screening the early stages of dementia.Objective: To improve the diagnostics of age-related cognitive functions by developing insight into the proportionality of age-related changes in cognitive subdomains.Materials and Methods: We composed a battery of psychophysiological tests and collected an open-access psychophysiological outcomes of brain atrophy (POBA) dataset by testing individuals without dementia. To extend the utility of machine learning (ML) classification in cognitive studies, we proposed estimates of the disproportional changes in cognitive functions: an index of simple reaction time to decision-making time (ISD), ISD with the accuracy performance (ISDA), and an index of performance in simple and complex visual-motor reaction with account for accuracy (ISCA). Studying the distribution of the values of the indices over age allowed us to verify whether diverse cognitive functions decline equally throughout life or there is a divergence in age-related cognitive changes.Results: Unsupervised ML clustering shows that the optimal number of homogeneous age groups is four. The sample is segregated into the following age-groups: Adolescents ∈ [0, 20), Young adults ∈ [20, 40), Midlife adults ∈ [40, 60) and Older adults ≥60 year of age. For ISD, ISDA, and ISCA values, only the median of the Adolescents group is different from that of the other three age-groups sharing a similar distribution pattern (p > 0.01). After neurodevelopment and maturation, the indices preserve almost constant values with a slight trend toward functional decline. The reaction to a moving object (RMO) test results (RMO_mean) follow another tendency. The Midlife adults group's median significantly differs from the remaining three age subsamples (p < 0.01). No general trend in age-related changes of this dependent variable is observed. For all the data (ISD, ISDA, ISCA, and RMO_mean), Levene's test reveals no significant changes of the variances in age-groups (p > 0.05). Homoscedasticity also supports our assumption about a linear dependency between the observed features and age.Conclusion: In healthy brain aging, there are proportional age-related changes in the time estimates of information processing speed and inhibitory control in task switching. Future studies should test patients with dementia to determine whether the changes of the aforementioned indicators follow different patterns.Yauhen StatsenkoYauhen StatsenkoTetiana HabuzaTetiana HabuzaKlaus Neidl-Van GorkomNazar ZakiNazar ZakiTaleb M. AlmansooriFatmah Al ZahmiFatmah Al ZahmiMilos R. LjubisavljevicMaroua BelghaliFrontiers Media S.A.articlemachine learningcognitive domainscognitive declineagingclinical psychologyneurodegenerationNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Vol 13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	machine learning cognitive domains cognitive decline aging clinical psychology neurodegeneration Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	machine learning cognitive domains cognitive decline aging clinical psychology neurodegeneration Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Yauhen Statsenko Yauhen Statsenko Tetiana Habuza Tetiana Habuza Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom Nazar Zaki Nazar Zaki Taleb M. Almansoori Fatmah Al Zahmi Fatmah Al Zahmi Milos R. Ljubisavljevic Maroua Belghali Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging
description	Background: Neuroscience lacks a reliable method of screening the early stages of dementia.Objective: To improve the diagnostics of age-related cognitive functions by developing insight into the proportionality of age-related changes in cognitive subdomains.Materials and Methods: We composed a battery of psychophysiological tests and collected an open-access psychophysiological outcomes of brain atrophy (POBA) dataset by testing individuals without dementia. To extend the utility of machine learning (ML) classification in cognitive studies, we proposed estimates of the disproportional changes in cognitive functions: an index of simple reaction time to decision-making time (ISD), ISD with the accuracy performance (ISDA), and an index of performance in simple and complex visual-motor reaction with account for accuracy (ISCA). Studying the distribution of the values of the indices over age allowed us to verify whether diverse cognitive functions decline equally throughout life or there is a divergence in age-related cognitive changes.Results: Unsupervised ML clustering shows that the optimal number of homogeneous age groups is four. The sample is segregated into the following age-groups: Adolescents ∈ [0, 20), Young adults ∈ [20, 40), Midlife adults ∈ [40, 60) and Older adults ≥60 year of age. For ISD, ISDA, and ISCA values, only the median of the Adolescents group is different from that of the other three age-groups sharing a similar distribution pattern (p > 0.01). After neurodevelopment and maturation, the indices preserve almost constant values with a slight trend toward functional decline. The reaction to a moving object (RMO) test results (RMO_mean) follow another tendency. The Midlife adults group's median significantly differs from the remaining three age subsamples (p < 0.01). No general trend in age-related changes of this dependent variable is observed. For all the data (ISD, ISDA, ISCA, and RMO_mean), Levene's test reveals no significant changes of the variances in age-groups (p > 0.05). Homoscedasticity also supports our assumption about a linear dependency between the observed features and age.Conclusion: In healthy brain aging, there are proportional age-related changes in the time estimates of information processing speed and inhibitory control in task switching. Future studies should test patients with dementia to determine whether the changes of the aforementioned indicators follow different patterns.
format	article
author	Yauhen Statsenko Yauhen Statsenko Tetiana Habuza Tetiana Habuza Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom Nazar Zaki Nazar Zaki Taleb M. Almansoori Fatmah Al Zahmi Fatmah Al Zahmi Milos R. Ljubisavljevic Maroua Belghali
author_facet	Yauhen Statsenko Yauhen Statsenko Tetiana Habuza Tetiana Habuza Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom Nazar Zaki Nazar Zaki Taleb M. Almansoori Fatmah Al Zahmi Fatmah Al Zahmi Milos R. Ljubisavljevic Maroua Belghali
author_sort	Yauhen Statsenko
title	Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging
title_short	Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging
title_full	Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging
title_fullStr	Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging
title_full_unstemmed	Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging
title_sort	proportional changes in cognitive subdomains during normal brain aging
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8ae8996c30514c619b53f9d91d130ebb
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Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging

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