Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>

ABSTRACT Oxalate, broadly found in both dietary and endogenous sources, is a primary constituent in 80% of kidney stones, an affliction that has tripled in prevalence over the last 40 years. Oxalate-degrading bacteria within the gut microbiota can mitigate the effects of oxalate and are negatively c...

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Autores principales:	Aaron W. Miller, Colin Dale, M. Denise Dearing
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	oxalate urinary stone disease woodrat Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8af67ea8ca484d85a70806529fcfe637
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8af67ea8ca484d85a70806529fcfe6372021-11-15T15:22:05ZMicrobiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>10.1128/mSphere.00428-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/8af67ea8ca484d85a70806529fcfe6372017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00428-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Oxalate, broadly found in both dietary and endogenous sources, is a primary constituent in 80% of kidney stones, an affliction that has tripled in prevalence over the last 40 years. Oxalate-degrading bacteria within the gut microbiota can mitigate the effects of oxalate and are negatively correlated with kidney stone formation, but bacteriotherapies involving oxalate-degrading bacteria have met with mixed results. To inform the development of more effective and consistent bacteriotherapies, we sought to quantify the interactions and limits between oxalate and an oxalate-adapted microbiota from the wild mammalian herbivore Neotoma albigula (woodrat), which consumes a high-oxalate diet in the wild. We tracked the microbiota over a variable-oxalate diet ranging from 0.2% to 12%, with the upper limit approximating 10× the level of human consumption. The N. albigula microbiota was capable of degrading ~100% of dietary oxalate regardless of the amount consumed. However, the microbiota exhibited significant changes in diversity dynamically at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU), family, and community levels in accordance with oxalate input. Furthermore, a cohesive microbial network was stimulated by the consumption of oxalate and exhibited some resistance to the effects of prolonged exposure. This study demonstrates that the oxalate-adapted microbiota of N. albigula exhibits a very high level of degradation and tolerance for oxalate. IMPORTANCE The bacteria associated with mammalian hosts exhibit extensive interactions with overall host physiology and contribute significantly to the health of the host. Bacteria are vital to the mitigation of the toxic effects of oxalate specifically as mammals do not possess the enzymes to degrade this compound, which is present in the majority of kidney stones. Contrary to the body of literature on a few oxalate-degrading specialists, our work illustrates that oxalate stimulates a broad but cohesive microbial network in a dose-dependent manner. The unique characteristics of the N. albigula microbiota make it an excellent source for the development of bacteriotherapies to inhibit kidney stone formation. Furthermore, this work successfully demonstrates methods to identify microbial networks responsive to specific toxins, their limits, and important elements such as microbial network cohesivity and architecture. These are necessary steps in the development of targeted bacteriotherapies.Aaron W. MillerColin DaleM. Denise DearingAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleoxalateurinary stone diseasewoodratMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 5 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oxalate urinary stone disease woodrat Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	oxalate urinary stone disease woodrat Microbiology QR1-502 Aaron W. Miller Colin Dale M. Denise Dearing Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>
description	ABSTRACT Oxalate, broadly found in both dietary and endogenous sources, is a primary constituent in 80% of kidney stones, an affliction that has tripled in prevalence over the last 40 years. Oxalate-degrading bacteria within the gut microbiota can mitigate the effects of oxalate and are negatively correlated with kidney stone formation, but bacteriotherapies involving oxalate-degrading bacteria have met with mixed results. To inform the development of more effective and consistent bacteriotherapies, we sought to quantify the interactions and limits between oxalate and an oxalate-adapted microbiota from the wild mammalian herbivore Neotoma albigula (woodrat), which consumes a high-oxalate diet in the wild. We tracked the microbiota over a variable-oxalate diet ranging from 0.2% to 12%, with the upper limit approximating 10× the level of human consumption. The N. albigula microbiota was capable of degrading ~100% of dietary oxalate regardless of the amount consumed. However, the microbiota exhibited significant changes in diversity dynamically at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU), family, and community levels in accordance with oxalate input. Furthermore, a cohesive microbial network was stimulated by the consumption of oxalate and exhibited some resistance to the effects of prolonged exposure. This study demonstrates that the oxalate-adapted microbiota of N. albigula exhibits a very high level of degradation and tolerance for oxalate. IMPORTANCE The bacteria associated with mammalian hosts exhibit extensive interactions with overall host physiology and contribute significantly to the health of the host. Bacteria are vital to the mitigation of the toxic effects of oxalate specifically as mammals do not possess the enzymes to degrade this compound, which is present in the majority of kidney stones. Contrary to the body of literature on a few oxalate-degrading specialists, our work illustrates that oxalate stimulates a broad but cohesive microbial network in a dose-dependent manner. The unique characteristics of the N. albigula microbiota make it an excellent source for the development of bacteriotherapies to inhibit kidney stone formation. Furthermore, this work successfully demonstrates methods to identify microbial networks responsive to specific toxins, their limits, and important elements such as microbial network cohesivity and architecture. These are necessary steps in the development of targeted bacteriotherapies.
format	article
author	Aaron W. Miller Colin Dale M. Denise Dearing
author_facet	Aaron W. Miller Colin Dale M. Denise Dearing
author_sort	Aaron W. Miller
title	Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>
title_short	Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>
title_full	Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>
title_fullStr	Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>
title_sort	microbiota diversification and crash induced by dietary oxalate in the mammalian herbivore <italic toggle="yes">neotoma albigula</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/8af67ea8ca484d85a70806529fcfe637
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Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore <italic toggle="yes">Neotoma albigula</italic>

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