Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain

Abstract Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expre...

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Autores principales:	Nawal El Ahdab, Manjurul Haque, Ejimedo Madogwe, Kristine G. Koski, Marilyn E. Scott
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8b20673ad791442789045e459c4435b5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8b20673ad791442789045e459c4435b52021-11-14T12:20:43ZMaternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain10.1038/s41598-021-01510-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8b20673ad791442789045e459c4435b52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.Nawal El AhdabManjurul HaqueEjimedo MadogweKristine G. KoskiMarilyn E. ScottNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nawal El Ahdab Manjurul Haque Ejimedo Madogwe Kristine G. Koski Marilyn E. Scott Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
description	Abstract Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.
format	article
author	Nawal El Ahdab Manjurul Haque Ejimedo Madogwe Kristine G. Koski Marilyn E. Scott
author_facet	Nawal El Ahdab Manjurul Haque Ejimedo Madogwe Kristine G. Koski Marilyn E. Scott
author_sort	Nawal El Ahdab
title	Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_short	Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_full	Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_fullStr	Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_full_unstemmed	Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
title_sort	maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of th2/treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8b20673ad791442789045e459c4435b5
work_keys_str_mv	AT nawalelahdab maternalnematodeinfectionupregulatesexpressionofth2treganddiapedesisrelatedgenesintheneonatalbrain AT manjurulhaque maternalnematodeinfectionupregulatesexpressionofth2treganddiapedesisrelatedgenesintheneonatalbrain AT ejimedomadogwe maternalnematodeinfectionupregulatesexpressionofth2treganddiapedesisrelatedgenesintheneonatalbrain AT kristinegkoski maternalnematodeinfectionupregulatesexpressionofth2treganddiapedesisrelatedgenesintheneonatalbrain AT marilynescott maternalnematodeinfectionupregulatesexpressionofth2treganddiapedesisrelatedgenesintheneonatalbrain
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Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain

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