Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route

Abstract India ranks the second in the world in terms of its sheep population with approximately 74.26 million represented by 44 well-described breeds in addition to several non-descript populations. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Indian sheep breeds remain poorly understood, particularly f...

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Autores principales:	Ranganathan Kamalakkannan, Satish Kumar, Karippadakam Bhavana, Vandana R. Prabhu, Carolina Barros Machado, Hijam Surachandra Singha, Dhandapani Sureshgopi, Vincy Vijay, Muniyandi Nagarajan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8b2a5ed84b20462584285bf396f6b8bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8b2a5ed84b20462584285bf396f6b8bc2021-12-02T19:16:14ZEvidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route10.1038/s41598-021-97761-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8b2a5ed84b20462584285bf396f6b8bc2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97761-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract India ranks the second in the world in terms of its sheep population with approximately 74.26 million represented by 44 well-described breeds in addition to several non-descript populations. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Indian sheep breeds remain poorly understood, particularly for south Indian breeds. To have a comprehensive view of the domestication history of Indian sheep, we sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (D-loop) and cytochrome b gene (CYTB) of 16 Indian domestic sheep breeds, most of them (13) from the south India. We analysed these sequences along with published data of domestic and wild sheep from different countries, including India. The haplotype diversity was relatively high in Indian sheep, which were classified into the three known mtDNA lineages, namely A, B and C. Lineage A was predominant among Indian sheep whereas lineages B and C were observed at low frequencies but C was restricted to the breeds of north and east India. The median joining network showed five major expanding haplogroups of lineage A (A1–A5). Out of which, A2, A4 and A5 were more frequent in Indian sheep in contrast to breeds from other parts of the world. Among the 27 Indian sheep breeds analysed, Mandya and Sonadi breeds were significantly different from other Indian breeds in the MDS analyses. This was explained by a very high contribution of lineage B into these two breeds. The Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) provided evidence for the domestication of lineage A sheep in the Indian subcontinent. Contrary to the current knowledge, we also found strong support for the introduction of lineage B into Indian subcontinent through sea route rather than from the Mongolian Plateau. The neighbour-joining tree of domestic and wild sheep revealed the close genetic relationship of Indian domestic sheep with Pakistani wild sheep O. vignei blanfordi. Based on our analyses and archaeological evidences, we suggest the Indian subcontinent as one of the domestication centres of the lineage A sheep, while lineage B sheep might have arrived into India from elsewhere via Arabian sea route. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on Indian sheep where we have analysed more than 740 animals belonging to 27 sheep breeds raised in various regions of India. Our study provides insight into the understanding of the origin and migratory history of Indian sheep.Ranganathan KamalakkannanSatish KumarKarippadakam BhavanaVandana R. PrabhuCarolina Barros MachadoHijam Surachandra SinghaDhandapani SureshgopiVincy VijayMuniyandi NagarajanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ranganathan Kamalakkannan Satish Kumar Karippadakam Bhavana Vandana R. Prabhu Carolina Barros Machado Hijam Surachandra Singha Dhandapani Sureshgopi Vincy Vijay Muniyandi Nagarajan Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route
description	Abstract India ranks the second in the world in terms of its sheep population with approximately 74.26 million represented by 44 well-described breeds in addition to several non-descript populations. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Indian sheep breeds remain poorly understood, particularly for south Indian breeds. To have a comprehensive view of the domestication history of Indian sheep, we sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (D-loop) and cytochrome b gene (CYTB) of 16 Indian domestic sheep breeds, most of them (13) from the south India. We analysed these sequences along with published data of domestic and wild sheep from different countries, including India. The haplotype diversity was relatively high in Indian sheep, which were classified into the three known mtDNA lineages, namely A, B and C. Lineage A was predominant among Indian sheep whereas lineages B and C were observed at low frequencies but C was restricted to the breeds of north and east India. The median joining network showed five major expanding haplogroups of lineage A (A1–A5). Out of which, A2, A4 and A5 were more frequent in Indian sheep in contrast to breeds from other parts of the world. Among the 27 Indian sheep breeds analysed, Mandya and Sonadi breeds were significantly different from other Indian breeds in the MDS analyses. This was explained by a very high contribution of lineage B into these two breeds. The Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) provided evidence for the domestication of lineage A sheep in the Indian subcontinent. Contrary to the current knowledge, we also found strong support for the introduction of lineage B into Indian subcontinent through sea route rather than from the Mongolian Plateau. The neighbour-joining tree of domestic and wild sheep revealed the close genetic relationship of Indian domestic sheep with Pakistani wild sheep O. vignei blanfordi. Based on our analyses and archaeological evidences, we suggest the Indian subcontinent as one of the domestication centres of the lineage A sheep, while lineage B sheep might have arrived into India from elsewhere via Arabian sea route. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on Indian sheep where we have analysed more than 740 animals belonging to 27 sheep breeds raised in various regions of India. Our study provides insight into the understanding of the origin and migratory history of Indian sheep.
format	article
author	Ranganathan Kamalakkannan Satish Kumar Karippadakam Bhavana Vandana R. Prabhu Carolina Barros Machado Hijam Surachandra Singha Dhandapani Sureshgopi Vincy Vijay Muniyandi Nagarajan
author_facet	Ranganathan Kamalakkannan Satish Kumar Karippadakam Bhavana Vandana R. Prabhu Carolina Barros Machado Hijam Surachandra Singha Dhandapani Sureshgopi Vincy Vijay Muniyandi Nagarajan
author_sort	Ranganathan Kamalakkannan
title	Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route
title_short	Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route
title_full	Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route
title_fullStr	Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route
title_sort	evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtdna lineage a in india and introduction of lineage b through arabian sea route
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8b2a5ed84b20462584285bf396f6b8bc
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Evidence for independent domestication of sheep mtDNA lineage A in India and introduction of lineage B through Arabian sea route

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