Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited t...

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Autores principales:	Calvin V. Lieu, Neruja Loganathan, Denise D. Belsham
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	palmitate hypothalamus energy homeostasis reproduction circadian rhythm microRNAs Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8b318e48496a4c43b8fda1c57a3de04a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8b318e48496a4c43b8fda1c57a3de04a2021-11-25T17:11:42ZMechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus10.3390/cells101131202073-4409https://doaj.org/article/8b318e48496a4c43b8fda1c57a3de04a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3120https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited to, the regulation of energy homeostasis, reproduction and circadian rhythms. Alterations at the hypothalamic level can lead to a myriad of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and infertility. The excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids can induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and resistance to peripheral signals, ultimately leading to hyperphagia, obesity, impaired reproductive function and disturbed circadian rhythms. This review focuses on the how the changes in the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by palmitate exposure, the most commonly consumed saturated fatty acid, and the potential involvement of microRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, can result in detrimental alterations in protein expression and content. Studying the involvement of microRNAs in hypothalamic function holds immense potential, as these molecular markers are quickly proving to be valuable tools in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disease.Calvin V. LieuNeruja LoganathanDenise D. BelshamMDPI AGarticlepalmitatehypothalamusenergy homeostasisreproductioncircadian rhythmmicroRNAsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3120, p 3120 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	palmitate hypothalamus energy homeostasis reproduction circadian rhythm microRNAs Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	palmitate hypothalamus energy homeostasis reproduction circadian rhythm microRNAs Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Calvin V. Lieu Neruja Loganathan Denise D. Belsham Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus
description	The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited to, the regulation of energy homeostasis, reproduction and circadian rhythms. Alterations at the hypothalamic level can lead to a myriad of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and infertility. The excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids can induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and resistance to peripheral signals, ultimately leading to hyperphagia, obesity, impaired reproductive function and disturbed circadian rhythms. This review focuses on the how the changes in the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by palmitate exposure, the most commonly consumed saturated fatty acid, and the potential involvement of microRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, can result in detrimental alterations in protein expression and content. Studying the involvement of microRNAs in hypothalamic function holds immense potential, as these molecular markers are quickly proving to be valuable tools in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disease.
format	article
author	Calvin V. Lieu Neruja Loganathan Denise D. Belsham
author_facet	Calvin V. Lieu Neruja Loganathan Denise D. Belsham
author_sort	Calvin V. Lieu
title	Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus
title_short	Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus
title_full	Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus
title_fullStr	Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus
title_sort	mechanisms driving palmitate-mediated neuronal dysregulation in the hypothalamus
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8b318e48496a4c43b8fda1c57a3de04a
work_keys_str_mv	AT calvinvlieu mechanismsdrivingpalmitatemediatedneuronaldysregulationinthehypothalamus AT nerujaloganathan mechanismsdrivingpalmitatemediatedneuronaldysregulationinthehypothalamus AT denisedbelsham mechanismsdrivingpalmitatemediatedneuronaldysregulationinthehypothalamus
_version_	1718412662975496192

Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus

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