Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?

This study examined whether the temporal patterns of energy and macronutrient intake in early and late eating windows were associated with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) among non-shift workers. A total of 299 overweight/obese non-shift workers (Age: 40...

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Autores principales:	Fatin Hanani Mazri, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Suzana Shahar, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Norwahidah Abdul Karim, Nur Diyana Dalila Hazwari, Qi Wen Kek, Siti Munirah Abdul Basir, Asnida Arifin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	obesity metabolically healthy obesity chrono-nutrition meal timing eating window chronotypes Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8b5e630194b24ad48cb24d86fb846b60
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8b5e630194b24ad48cb24d86fb846b602021-11-25T18:36:55ZDo Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?10.3390/nu131141212072-6643https://doaj.org/article/8b5e630194b24ad48cb24d86fb846b602021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4121https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643This study examined whether the temporal patterns of energy and macronutrient intake in early and late eating windows were associated with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) among non-shift workers. A total of 299 overweight/obese non-shift workers (Age: 40.3 ± 6.9 years; 73.6% women; BMI: 31.7 ± 5.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were recruited in the Klang Valley area of Malaysia. The biochemical parameters were determined from fasting blood samples, whereas information on dietary intake and timing was obtained from a 7-day diet history questionnaire. The midpoint of eating was used to determine the early and late windows. Compared to MHO non-shift workers (<i>n</i> = 173), MUO non-shift workers (<i>n</i> = 126) had lower energy intake from carbohydrates and protein during the early window. In contrast, MUO participants had greater energy intake from carbohydrates and fat during the late window. Participants with unhealthy metabolic status (regardless of their chronotypes) had similar temporal patterns of energy intake characterized by smaller energy intake during the early window and greater energy intake during the late window compared with participants with healthier metabolic status. Overall, the lowest percentile of energy intake during the early window was associated with an increased risk of MUO, after adjustment for potential confounders [odds ratio (OR) = 4.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–13.11]. The greater the energy intake during the late window, the greater the risk of MUO (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.11–5.13) (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.03–5.32) (OR = 4.45, 95% CI 1.71–11.56). In summary, consuming less energy earlier in the day and more energy and carbohydrate later in the day was associated with a greater risk of MUO. Thus, a prospective study is needed to explore the potential role of chrono-nutrition practices in modifying risk factors to delay the transition of MHO to MUO.Fatin Hanani MazriZahara Abdul ManafSuzana ShaharArimi Fitri Mat LudinNorwahidah Abdul KarimNur Diyana Dalila HazwariQi Wen KekSiti Munirah Abdul BasirAsnida ArifinMDPI AGarticleobesitymetabolically healthy obesitychrono-nutritionmeal timingeating windowchronotypesNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 4121, p 4121 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	obesity metabolically healthy obesity chrono-nutrition meal timing eating window chronotypes Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	obesity metabolically healthy obesity chrono-nutrition meal timing eating window chronotypes Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Fatin Hanani Mazri Zahara Abdul Manaf Suzana Shahar Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin Norwahidah Abdul Karim Nur Diyana Dalila Hazwari Qi Wen Kek Siti Munirah Abdul Basir Asnida Arifin Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?
description	This study examined whether the temporal patterns of energy and macronutrient intake in early and late eating windows were associated with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) among non-shift workers. A total of 299 overweight/obese non-shift workers (Age: 40.3 ± 6.9 years; 73.6% women; BMI: 31.7 ± 5.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were recruited in the Klang Valley area of Malaysia. The biochemical parameters were determined from fasting blood samples, whereas information on dietary intake and timing was obtained from a 7-day diet history questionnaire. The midpoint of eating was used to determine the early and late windows. Compared to MHO non-shift workers (<i>n</i> = 173), MUO non-shift workers (<i>n</i> = 126) had lower energy intake from carbohydrates and protein during the early window. In contrast, MUO participants had greater energy intake from carbohydrates and fat during the late window. Participants with unhealthy metabolic status (regardless of their chronotypes) had similar temporal patterns of energy intake characterized by smaller energy intake during the early window and greater energy intake during the late window compared with participants with healthier metabolic status. Overall, the lowest percentile of energy intake during the early window was associated with an increased risk of MUO, after adjustment for potential confounders [odds ratio (OR) = 4.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–13.11]. The greater the energy intake during the late window, the greater the risk of MUO (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.11–5.13) (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.03–5.32) (OR = 4.45, 95% CI 1.71–11.56). In summary, consuming less energy earlier in the day and more energy and carbohydrate later in the day was associated with a greater risk of MUO. Thus, a prospective study is needed to explore the potential role of chrono-nutrition practices in modifying risk factors to delay the transition of MHO to MUO.
format	article
author	Fatin Hanani Mazri Zahara Abdul Manaf Suzana Shahar Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin Norwahidah Abdul Karim Nur Diyana Dalila Hazwari Qi Wen Kek Siti Munirah Abdul Basir Asnida Arifin
author_facet	Fatin Hanani Mazri Zahara Abdul Manaf Suzana Shahar Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin Norwahidah Abdul Karim Nur Diyana Dalila Hazwari Qi Wen Kek Siti Munirah Abdul Basir Asnida Arifin
author_sort	Fatin Hanani Mazri
title	Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?
title_short	Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?
title_full	Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?
title_fullStr	Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?
title_full_unstemmed	Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?
title_sort	do temporal eating patterns differ in healthy versus unhealthy overweight/obese individuals?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8b5e630194b24ad48cb24d86fb846b60
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Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?

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