Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis

Aims: Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease. Hallmark features of hypertensive heart disease is sympathoexcitation and cardiac mitochondrial abnormality. However, the molecular mechanisms for specifically neurally mediated mitochondrial abnormality and subsequent cardiac dysfunction are u...

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Autores principales: Shyam S. Nandi, Kenichi Katsurada, Sushil K. Mahata, Kaushik P. Patel
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Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:8b6af15e87aa49a8b89bc6cfc39e0c722021-12-01T13:57:59ZNeurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.718982https://doaj.org/article/8b6af15e87aa49a8b89bc6cfc39e0c722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.718982/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XAims: Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease. Hallmark features of hypertensive heart disease is sympathoexcitation and cardiac mitochondrial abnormality. However, the molecular mechanisms for specifically neurally mediated mitochondrial abnormality and subsequent cardiac dysfunction are unclear. We hypothesized that enhanced sympatho-excitation to the heart elicits cardiac miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) signaling that lead to mitochondrial abnormalities and consequent pathological cardiac remodeling.Methods and Results: Using a model of neurogenic hypertension (NG-HTN), induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of Ang II (NG-HTN; 20 ng/min, 14 days, 0.5 μl/h, or Saline; Control, 0.9%) through osmotic mini-pumps in Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g), we attempted to identify a link between sympathoexcitation (norepinephrine; NE), miRNA and HIF-1α signaling and UPRmt to produce mitochondrial abnormalities resulting in cardiomyopathy. Cardiac remodeling, mitochondrial abnormality, and miRNA/HIF-1α signaling were assessed using histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, Western blotting or RT-qPCR. NG-HTN demonstrated increased sympatho-excitation with concomitant reduction in UPRmt, miRNA-18a-5p and increased level of HIF-1α in the heart. Our in silico analysis indicated that miR-18a-5p targets HIF-1α. Direct effects of NE on miRNA/HIF-1α signaling and mitochondrial abnormality examined using H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes showed NE reduces miR-18a-5p but increases HIF-1α. Electron microscopy revealed cardiac mitochondrial abnormality in NG-HTN, linked with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and fibrosis. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response was decreased in NG-HTN indicating mitochondrial proteinopathy and proteotoxic stress, associated with increased mito-ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and oxidative phosphorylation. Further, there was reduced cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, but increased mitochondrial fission, coupled with mitochondrial impaired TIM-TOM transport and UPRmt. Direct effects of NE on H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes also showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and UPRmt corroborating the in vivo data.Conclusion: In conclusion, enhanced sympatho-excitation suppress miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α signaling and increased mitochondrial stress proteotoxicity, decreased UPRmt leading to decreased mitochondrial dynamics/OXPHOS/ΔΨm and ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS induced mitochondrial transition pore opening activates pro-hypertrophy/fibrosis/inflammatory factors that induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis commonly observed in NG-HTN.Shyam S. NandiKenichi KatsuradaSushil K. MahataSushil K. MahataKaushik P. PatelFrontiers Media S.A.articlehypertensionmitochondrial damagecardiac hypertrophycardiac fibrosisHIF-1αmiR-18a-5pPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic hypertension
mitochondrial damage
cardiac hypertrophy
cardiac fibrosis
HIF-1α
miR-18a-5p
Physiology
QP1-981
spellingShingle hypertension
mitochondrial damage
cardiac hypertrophy
cardiac fibrosis
HIF-1α
miR-18a-5p
Physiology
QP1-981
Shyam S. Nandi
Kenichi Katsurada
Sushil K. Mahata
Sushil K. Mahata
Kaushik P. Patel
Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis
description Aims: Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease. Hallmark features of hypertensive heart disease is sympathoexcitation and cardiac mitochondrial abnormality. However, the molecular mechanisms for specifically neurally mediated mitochondrial abnormality and subsequent cardiac dysfunction are unclear. We hypothesized that enhanced sympatho-excitation to the heart elicits cardiac miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) signaling that lead to mitochondrial abnormalities and consequent pathological cardiac remodeling.Methods and Results: Using a model of neurogenic hypertension (NG-HTN), induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of Ang II (NG-HTN; 20 ng/min, 14 days, 0.5 μl/h, or Saline; Control, 0.9%) through osmotic mini-pumps in Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g), we attempted to identify a link between sympathoexcitation (norepinephrine; NE), miRNA and HIF-1α signaling and UPRmt to produce mitochondrial abnormalities resulting in cardiomyopathy. Cardiac remodeling, mitochondrial abnormality, and miRNA/HIF-1α signaling were assessed using histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, Western blotting or RT-qPCR. NG-HTN demonstrated increased sympatho-excitation with concomitant reduction in UPRmt, miRNA-18a-5p and increased level of HIF-1α in the heart. Our in silico analysis indicated that miR-18a-5p targets HIF-1α. Direct effects of NE on miRNA/HIF-1α signaling and mitochondrial abnormality examined using H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes showed NE reduces miR-18a-5p but increases HIF-1α. Electron microscopy revealed cardiac mitochondrial abnormality in NG-HTN, linked with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and fibrosis. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response was decreased in NG-HTN indicating mitochondrial proteinopathy and proteotoxic stress, associated with increased mito-ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and oxidative phosphorylation. Further, there was reduced cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, but increased mitochondrial fission, coupled with mitochondrial impaired TIM-TOM transport and UPRmt. Direct effects of NE on H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes also showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and UPRmt corroborating the in vivo data.Conclusion: In conclusion, enhanced sympatho-excitation suppress miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α signaling and increased mitochondrial stress proteotoxicity, decreased UPRmt leading to decreased mitochondrial dynamics/OXPHOS/ΔΨm and ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS induced mitochondrial transition pore opening activates pro-hypertrophy/fibrosis/inflammatory factors that induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis commonly observed in NG-HTN.
format article
author Shyam S. Nandi
Kenichi Katsurada
Sushil K. Mahata
Sushil K. Mahata
Kaushik P. Patel
author_facet Shyam S. Nandi
Kenichi Katsurada
Sushil K. Mahata
Sushil K. Mahata
Kaushik P. Patel
author_sort Shyam S. Nandi
title Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis
title_short Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis
title_full Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis
title_fullStr Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis
title_full_unstemmed Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPRmt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis
title_sort neurogenic hypertension mediated mitochondrial abnormality leads to cardiomyopathy: contribution of uprmt and norepinephrine-mir- 18a-5p-hif-1α axis
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/8b6af15e87aa49a8b89bc6cfc39e0c72
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