Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees

The biological embedding model (BEM) suggests that fitness costs of maternal loss arise when early-life experience embeds long-term alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Alternatively, the adaptive calibration model (ACM) regards physiological changes during ontogeny as...

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Autores principales:	Cédric Girard-Buttoz, Patrick J Tkaczynski, Liran Samuni, Pawel Fedurek, Cristina Gomes, Therese Löhrich, Virgile Manin, Anna Preis, Prince F Valé, Tobias Deschner, Roman M Wittig, Catherine Crockford
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2021
Materias:	chimpanzees biological embedding model early life adversity stress physiology orphan long-lived mammals Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8b737503b9b04e0699c95476c673ab46
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8b737503b9b04e0699c95476c673ab462021-11-25T14:34:51ZEarly maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees10.7554/eLife.641342050-084Xe64134https://doaj.org/article/8b737503b9b04e0699c95476c673ab462021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://elifesciences.org/articles/64134https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084XThe biological embedding model (BEM) suggests that fitness costs of maternal loss arise when early-life experience embeds long-term alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Alternatively, the adaptive calibration model (ACM) regards physiological changes during ontogeny as short-term adaptations. Both models have been tested in humans but rarely in wild, long-lived animals. We assessed whether, as in humans, maternal loss had short- and long-term impacts on orphan wild chimpanzee urinary cortisol levels and diurnal urinary cortisol slopes, both indicative of HPA axis functioning. Immature chimpanzees recently orphaned and/or orphaned early in life had diurnal cortisol slopes reflecting heightened activation of the HPA axis. However, these effects appeared short-term, with no consistent differences between orphan and non-orphan cortisol profiles in mature males, suggesting stronger support for the ACM than the BEM in wild chimpanzees. Compensatory mechanisms, such as adoption, may buffer against certain physiological effects of maternal loss in this species.Cédric Girard-ButtozPatrick J TkaczynskiLiran SamuniPawel FedurekCristina GomesTherese LöhrichVirgile ManinAnna PreisPrince F ValéTobias DeschnerRoman M WittigCatherine CrockfordeLife Sciences Publications Ltdarticlechimpanzeesbiological embedding modelearly life adversitystress physiologyorphanlong-lived mammalsMedicineRScienceQBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENeLife, Vol 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chimpanzees biological embedding model early life adversity stress physiology orphan long-lived mammals Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	chimpanzees biological embedding model early life adversity stress physiology orphan long-lived mammals Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Cédric Girard-Buttoz Patrick J Tkaczynski Liran Samuni Pawel Fedurek Cristina Gomes Therese Löhrich Virgile Manin Anna Preis Prince F Valé Tobias Deschner Roman M Wittig Catherine Crockford Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees
description	The biological embedding model (BEM) suggests that fitness costs of maternal loss arise when early-life experience embeds long-term alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Alternatively, the adaptive calibration model (ACM) regards physiological changes during ontogeny as short-term adaptations. Both models have been tested in humans but rarely in wild, long-lived animals. We assessed whether, as in humans, maternal loss had short- and long-term impacts on orphan wild chimpanzee urinary cortisol levels and diurnal urinary cortisol slopes, both indicative of HPA axis functioning. Immature chimpanzees recently orphaned and/or orphaned early in life had diurnal cortisol slopes reflecting heightened activation of the HPA axis. However, these effects appeared short-term, with no consistent differences between orphan and non-orphan cortisol profiles in mature males, suggesting stronger support for the ACM than the BEM in wild chimpanzees. Compensatory mechanisms, such as adoption, may buffer against certain physiological effects of maternal loss in this species.
format	article
author	Cédric Girard-Buttoz Patrick J Tkaczynski Liran Samuni Pawel Fedurek Cristina Gomes Therese Löhrich Virgile Manin Anna Preis Prince F Valé Tobias Deschner Roman M Wittig Catherine Crockford
author_facet	Cédric Girard-Buttoz Patrick J Tkaczynski Liran Samuni Pawel Fedurek Cristina Gomes Therese Löhrich Virgile Manin Anna Preis Prince F Valé Tobias Deschner Roman M Wittig Catherine Crockford
author_sort	Cédric Girard-Buttoz
title	Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees
title_short	Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees
title_full	Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees
title_fullStr	Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees
title_full_unstemmed	Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees
title_sort	early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees
publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8b737503b9b04e0699c95476c673ab46
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Early maternal loss leads to short- but not long-term effects on diurnal cortisol slopes in wild chimpanzees

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