Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions

Abstract Conspecific alarm cues crushed from Mesocentrotus nudus prevent sea urchins from foraging the kelp, but do not repel them far away from the kelp. However, it remains largely unknown of whether this phenomenon was affected by conspecific alarm cues or by the attraction of the kelp. The prese...

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Autores principales:	Xiaomei Chi, Mingfang Yang, Fangyuan Hu, Xiyuan Huang, Yushi Yu, Yaqing Chang, Qingzhi Wang, Chong Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8b8cfdc04204431ba07e8bc65f6da91f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8b8cfdc04204431ba07e8bc65f6da91f2021-12-02T18:49:32ZForaging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions10.1038/s41598-021-94969-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8b8cfdc04204431ba07e8bc65f6da91f2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94969-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Conspecific alarm cues crushed from Mesocentrotus nudus prevent sea urchins from foraging the kelp, but do not repel them far away from the kelp. However, it remains largely unknown of whether this phenomenon was affected by conspecific alarm cues or by the attraction of the kelp. The present study found no significant difference in the duration in the danger area with or without the kelp around conspecific alarm cues. This suggests that the phenomenon is the strategy of sea urchins but not by the attraction of kelp. We found that conspecific alarm cues appearing between the kelp and sea urchins significantly affected foraging behavior of sea urchins fasted for 21 days. This indicates that conspecific alarm cues can effectively prevent fasted sea urchins from foraging the kelp. Further, there was no correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the danger area. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the safety area close to different amounts of conspecific alarm cues, suggesting that conspecific alarm cues prevent sea urchins with strong foraging ability to forage. Collectively, the present results indicate that conspecific alarm cues as highly available biological barriers are cost-effective approaches to preventing overgrazing of sea urchins in the protection of kelp beds ecosystems. Notably, the present study is a short-term laboratory investigation that does not consider the complexity of natural conditions. Future studies are essential to test the present findings in the field.Xiaomei ChiMingfang YangFangyuan HuXiyuan HuangYushi YuYaqing ChangQingzhi WangChong ZhaoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiaomei Chi Mingfang Yang Fangyuan Hu Xiyuan Huang Yushi Yu Yaqing Chang Qingzhi Wang Chong Zhao Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
description	Abstract Conspecific alarm cues crushed from Mesocentrotus nudus prevent sea urchins from foraging the kelp, but do not repel them far away from the kelp. However, it remains largely unknown of whether this phenomenon was affected by conspecific alarm cues or by the attraction of the kelp. The present study found no significant difference in the duration in the danger area with or without the kelp around conspecific alarm cues. This suggests that the phenomenon is the strategy of sea urchins but not by the attraction of kelp. We found that conspecific alarm cues appearing between the kelp and sea urchins significantly affected foraging behavior of sea urchins fasted for 21 days. This indicates that conspecific alarm cues can effectively prevent fasted sea urchins from foraging the kelp. Further, there was no correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the danger area. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the safety area close to different amounts of conspecific alarm cues, suggesting that conspecific alarm cues prevent sea urchins with strong foraging ability to forage. Collectively, the present results indicate that conspecific alarm cues as highly available biological barriers are cost-effective approaches to preventing overgrazing of sea urchins in the protection of kelp beds ecosystems. Notably, the present study is a short-term laboratory investigation that does not consider the complexity of natural conditions. Future studies are essential to test the present findings in the field.
format	article
author	Xiaomei Chi Mingfang Yang Fangyuan Hu Xiyuan Huang Yushi Yu Yaqing Chang Qingzhi Wang Chong Zhao
author_facet	Xiaomei Chi Mingfang Yang Fangyuan Hu Xiyuan Huang Yushi Yu Yaqing Chang Qingzhi Wang Chong Zhao
author_sort	Xiaomei Chi
title	Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
title_short	Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
title_full	Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
title_fullStr	Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
title_sort	foraging behavior of the sea urchin mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8b8cfdc04204431ba07e8bc65f6da91f
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Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions

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