Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens

Cross-resistance occurs between antimicrobials with either similar mechanisms of action and/or similar chemical structures, or even between unrelated antimicrobials. This study employed a multivariate approach to investigate the associations between the efficacy profile of antimicrobials and the clu...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Nenene Qekwana, Agricola Odoi, James Wabwire Oguttu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antimicrobial resistance efficacy <i>Staphylococcus</i> principal components analysis PCA factor analysis Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8bab4eff661545838e3da1f5e683fc15
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8bab4eff661545838e3da1f5e683fc152021-11-25T16:19:36ZEfficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens10.3390/ani111132322076-2615https://doaj.org/article/8bab4eff661545838e3da1f5e683fc152021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3232https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Cross-resistance occurs between antimicrobials with either similar mechanisms of action and/or similar chemical structures, or even between unrelated antimicrobials. This study employed a multivariate approach to investigate the associations between the efficacy profile of antimicrobials and the clustering of eleven different antimicrobial agents based on their efficacy profile. Records of the susceptibility of 382 confirmed <i>Staphylococcus</i> species isolates against 15 antimicrobials based on the disc diffusion method were included in this study. Tetrachoric correlation coefficients were computed to assess the correlations of antimicrobial efficacy profiles against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Principal components analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the clustering of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Strong correlations were observed among aminoglycosides, penicillins, fluroquinolones, and lincosamides. Three main factors were extracted, with Factor 1 dominated by the susceptibility profile of enrofloxacin (factor loading (FL) = 0.859), gentamicin (FL = 0.898), tylosin (FL = 0.801), and ampicillin (FL = −0.813). Factor 2, on the other hand, was dominated by the susceptibility profile of clindamycin (FL = 0.927) and lincomycin-spectinomycin (FL = 0.848) and co-trimazole (FL = −0.693). Lastly, Factor 3 was dominated by the susceptibility profile of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (FL = 0.848) and cephalothin (FL = 0.824). Antimicrobials belonging to the same category or class of antimicrobial, tended to exhibit similar efficacy profiles, therefore, laboratories must choose only one of the antimicrobials in each group to help reduce the cost of antimicrobial susceptibility tests.Daniel Nenene QekwanaAgricola OdoiJames Wabwire OguttuMDPI AGarticleantimicrobial resistanceefficacy<i>Staphylococcus</i>principal components analysisPCAfactor analysisVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3232, p 3232 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antimicrobial resistance efficacy <i>Staphylococcus</i> principal components analysis PCA factor analysis Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	antimicrobial resistance efficacy <i>Staphylococcus</i> principal components analysis PCA factor analysis Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Daniel Nenene Qekwana Agricola Odoi James Wabwire Oguttu Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens
description	Cross-resistance occurs between antimicrobials with either similar mechanisms of action and/or similar chemical structures, or even between unrelated antimicrobials. This study employed a multivariate approach to investigate the associations between the efficacy profile of antimicrobials and the clustering of eleven different antimicrobial agents based on their efficacy profile. Records of the susceptibility of 382 confirmed <i>Staphylococcus</i> species isolates against 15 antimicrobials based on the disc diffusion method were included in this study. Tetrachoric correlation coefficients were computed to assess the correlations of antimicrobial efficacy profiles against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Principal components analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the clustering of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Strong correlations were observed among aminoglycosides, penicillins, fluroquinolones, and lincosamides. Three main factors were extracted, with Factor 1 dominated by the susceptibility profile of enrofloxacin (factor loading (FL) = 0.859), gentamicin (FL = 0.898), tylosin (FL = 0.801), and ampicillin (FL = −0.813). Factor 2, on the other hand, was dominated by the susceptibility profile of clindamycin (FL = 0.927) and lincomycin-spectinomycin (FL = 0.848) and co-trimazole (FL = −0.693). Lastly, Factor 3 was dominated by the susceptibility profile of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (FL = 0.848) and cephalothin (FL = 0.824). Antimicrobials belonging to the same category or class of antimicrobial, tended to exhibit similar efficacy profiles, therefore, laboratories must choose only one of the antimicrobials in each group to help reduce the cost of antimicrobial susceptibility tests.
format	article
author	Daniel Nenene Qekwana Agricola Odoi James Wabwire Oguttu
author_facet	Daniel Nenene Qekwana Agricola Odoi James Wabwire Oguttu
author_sort	Daniel Nenene Qekwana
title	Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens
title_short	Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens
title_full	Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens
title_fullStr	Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens
title_full_unstemmed	Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens
title_sort	efficacy profiles of antimicrobials evaluated against <i>staphylococcus</i> species isolated from canine clinical specimens
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8bab4eff661545838e3da1f5e683fc15
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielneneneqekwana efficacyprofilesofantimicrobialsevaluatedagainstistaphylococcusispeciesisolatedfromcanineclinicalspecimens AT agricolaodoi efficacyprofilesofantimicrobialsevaluatedagainstistaphylococcusispeciesisolatedfromcanineclinicalspecimens AT jameswabwireoguttu efficacyprofilesofantimicrobialsevaluatedagainstistaphylococcusispeciesisolatedfromcanineclinicalspecimens
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Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens

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