Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study

To estimate specific proximal and distal effects of COVID-19-related restrictions on families on children’s adjustment problems, we conducted a six-site international study. In total, 2516 parents from Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America living with...

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Autores principales:	Sarah Foley, Farzaneh Badinlou, Karin C. Brocki, Matilda A. Frick, Luca Ronchi, Claire Hughes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 child adjustment family risk distress international Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8bba5fe24ad54ad29e598b0521a31fdf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8bba5fe24ad54ad29e598b0521a31fdf2021-11-11T16:17:31ZFamily Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study10.3390/ijerph1821111361660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/8bba5fe24ad54ad29e598b0521a31fdf2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11136https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601To estimate specific proximal and distal effects of COVID-19-related restrictions on families on children’s adjustment problems, we conducted a six-site international study. In total, 2516 parents from Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America living with a young child (<i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 5.77, <i>SD</i> = 1.10, range = 3 to 8 years, 47.9% female) completed an online survey between April and July 2020. The survey included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and family risk factors (parent distress, parent–child conflict, couple conflict, and household chaos) as well as a scale to index COVID-19-related family disruption. Our analyses also included public data on the stringency of national restrictions. Across the six sites, parental responses indicated elevated levels of hyperactivity, conduct, and emotion problems in children from families characterized by heightened levels of parent distress, parent–child conflict, and household chaos. In contrast, increased peer problems were more strongly related to COVID-19-related social disruption and stringency measures. Mediation models demonstrated that associations between COVID-19 social disruption and child difficulties could be explained by parental distress. Taken together, these results suggest that although the experience of the pandemic differed across countries, associations between COVID-19-related family experiences and child adjustment difficulties were similar in their nature and magnitude across six different contexts. Programs to support family resilience could help buffer the impact of the pandemic for two generations.Sarah FoleyFarzaneh BadinlouKarin C. BrockiMatilda A. FrickLuca RonchiClaire HughesMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19child adjustmentfamilyriskdistressinternationalMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11136, p 11136 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 child adjustment family risk distress international Medicine R
spellingShingle	COVID-19 child adjustment family risk distress international Medicine R Sarah Foley Farzaneh Badinlou Karin C. Brocki Matilda A. Frick Luca Ronchi Claire Hughes Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study
description	To estimate specific proximal and distal effects of COVID-19-related restrictions on families on children’s adjustment problems, we conducted a six-site international study. In total, 2516 parents from Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America living with a young child (<i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 5.77, <i>SD</i> = 1.10, range = 3 to 8 years, 47.9% female) completed an online survey between April and July 2020. The survey included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and family risk factors (parent distress, parent–child conflict, couple conflict, and household chaos) as well as a scale to index COVID-19-related family disruption. Our analyses also included public data on the stringency of national restrictions. Across the six sites, parental responses indicated elevated levels of hyperactivity, conduct, and emotion problems in children from families characterized by heightened levels of parent distress, parent–child conflict, and household chaos. In contrast, increased peer problems were more strongly related to COVID-19-related social disruption and stringency measures. Mediation models demonstrated that associations between COVID-19 social disruption and child difficulties could be explained by parental distress. Taken together, these results suggest that although the experience of the pandemic differed across countries, associations between COVID-19-related family experiences and child adjustment difficulties were similar in their nature and magnitude across six different contexts. Programs to support family resilience could help buffer the impact of the pandemic for two generations.
format	article
author	Sarah Foley Farzaneh Badinlou Karin C. Brocki Matilda A. Frick Luca Ronchi Claire Hughes
author_facet	Sarah Foley Farzaneh Badinlou Karin C. Brocki Matilda A. Frick Luca Ronchi Claire Hughes
author_sort	Sarah Foley
title	Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study
title_short	Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study
title_full	Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study
title_fullStr	Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study
title_full_unstemmed	Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study
title_sort	family function and child adjustment difficulties in the covid-19 pandemic: an international study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8bba5fe24ad54ad29e598b0521a31fdf
work_keys_str_mv	AT sarahfoley familyfunctionandchildadjustmentdifficultiesinthecovid19pandemicaninternationalstudy AT farzanehbadinlou familyfunctionandchildadjustmentdifficultiesinthecovid19pandemicaninternationalstudy AT karincbrocki familyfunctionandchildadjustmentdifficultiesinthecovid19pandemicaninternationalstudy AT matildaafrick familyfunctionandchildadjustmentdifficultiesinthecovid19pandemicaninternationalstudy AT lucaronchi familyfunctionandchildadjustmentdifficultiesinthecovid19pandemicaninternationalstudy AT clairehughes familyfunctionandchildadjustmentdifficultiesinthecovid19pandemicaninternationalstudy
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Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study

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