Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning

Background: Direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala can enhance declarative memory for specific events. An unanswered question is what underlying neurophysiological changes are induced by amygdala stimulation. Objective: To leverage interpretable machine learning to identify the neurophysiolog...

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Autores principales:	Mohammad S.E. Sendi, Cory S. Inman, Kelly R. Bijanki, Lou Blanpain, James K. Park, Stephan Hamann, Robert E. Gross, Jon T. Willie, Babak Mahmoudi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Interpretable machine learning Amygdala stimulation Memory Neurophysiological biomarkers Feature learning Hippocampus Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8bf409d022eb4682a3cd94283ed1b664
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8bf409d022eb4682a3cd94283ed1b6642021-11-20T04:58:28ZIdentifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning1935-861X10.1016/j.brs.2021.09.009https://doaj.org/article/8bf409d022eb4682a3cd94283ed1b6642021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X21002370https://doaj.org/toc/1935-861XBackground: Direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala can enhance declarative memory for specific events. An unanswered question is what underlying neurophysiological changes are induced by amygdala stimulation. Objective: To leverage interpretable machine learning to identify the neurophysiological processes underlying amygdala-mediated memory, and to develop more efficient neuromodulation technologies. Method: Patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy and depth electrodes placed in the hippocampus and amygdala performed a recognition memory task for neutral images of objects. During the encoding phase, 160 images were shown to patients. Half of the images were followed by brief low-amplitude amygdala stimulation. For local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from key medial temporal lobe structures, feature vectors were calculated by taking the average spectral power in canonical frequency bands, before and after stimulation, to train a logistic regression classification model with elastic net regularization to differentiate brain states. Results: Classifying the neural states at the time of encoding based on images subsequently remembered versus not-remembered showed that theta and slow-gamma power in the hippocampus were the most important features predicting subsequent memory performance. Classifying the post-image neural states at the time of encoding based on stimulated versus unstimulated trials showed that amygdala stimulation led to increased gamma power in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Amygdala stimulation induced pro-memory states in the hippocampus to enhance subsequent memory performance. Interpretable machine learning provides an effective tool for investigating the neurophysiological effects of brain stimulation.Mohammad S.E. SendiCory S. InmanKelly R. BijankiLou BlanpainJames K. ParkStephan HamannRobert E. GrossJon T. WillieBabak MahmoudiElsevierarticleInterpretable machine learningAmygdala stimulationMemoryNeurophysiological biomarkersFeature learningHippocampusNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Stimulation, Vol 14, Iss 6, Pp 1511-1519 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Interpretable machine learning Amygdala stimulation Memory Neurophysiological biomarkers Feature learning Hippocampus Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Interpretable machine learning Amygdala stimulation Memory Neurophysiological biomarkers Feature learning Hippocampus Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Mohammad S.E. Sendi Cory S. Inman Kelly R. Bijanki Lou Blanpain James K. Park Stephan Hamann Robert E. Gross Jon T. Willie Babak Mahmoudi Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning
description	Background: Direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala can enhance declarative memory for specific events. An unanswered question is what underlying neurophysiological changes are induced by amygdala stimulation. Objective: To leverage interpretable machine learning to identify the neurophysiological processes underlying amygdala-mediated memory, and to develop more efficient neuromodulation technologies. Method: Patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy and depth electrodes placed in the hippocampus and amygdala performed a recognition memory task for neutral images of objects. During the encoding phase, 160 images were shown to patients. Half of the images were followed by brief low-amplitude amygdala stimulation. For local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from key medial temporal lobe structures, feature vectors were calculated by taking the average spectral power in canonical frequency bands, before and after stimulation, to train a logistic regression classification model with elastic net regularization to differentiate brain states. Results: Classifying the neural states at the time of encoding based on images subsequently remembered versus not-remembered showed that theta and slow-gamma power in the hippocampus were the most important features predicting subsequent memory performance. Classifying the post-image neural states at the time of encoding based on stimulated versus unstimulated trials showed that amygdala stimulation led to increased gamma power in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Amygdala stimulation induced pro-memory states in the hippocampus to enhance subsequent memory performance. Interpretable machine learning provides an effective tool for investigating the neurophysiological effects of brain stimulation.
format	article
author	Mohammad S.E. Sendi Cory S. Inman Kelly R. Bijanki Lou Blanpain James K. Park Stephan Hamann Robert E. Gross Jon T. Willie Babak Mahmoudi
author_facet	Mohammad S.E. Sendi Cory S. Inman Kelly R. Bijanki Lou Blanpain James K. Park Stephan Hamann Robert E. Gross Jon T. Willie Babak Mahmoudi
author_sort	Mohammad S.E. Sendi
title	Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning
title_short	Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning
title_full	Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning
title_fullStr	Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning
title_full_unstemmed	Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning
title_sort	identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8bf409d022eb4682a3cd94283ed1b664
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Identifying the neurophysiological effects of memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation using interpretable machine learning

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