Association of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

COVID-19 is a rapidly disseminating infectious disease conferred by the World Health Organization (WHO) as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics data have been identified for patients with COVID-19, but mortality-related risk facto...

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Autores principales: Shazia Rehman, Nadia Rehman, Ayesha Mumtaz, Jindong Jiang
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:8bfa0454b155495d8c31d43003c62a832021-11-25T17:44:21ZAssociation of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study10.3390/healthcare91114682227-9032https://doaj.org/article/8bfa0454b155495d8c31d43003c62a832021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/11/1468https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9032COVID-19 is a rapidly disseminating infectious disease conferred by the World Health Organization (WHO) as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics data have been identified for patients with COVID-19, but mortality-related risk factors and a comprehensive clinical course of disease in a developing country have not been specifically defined. This retrospective, single-center cohort study involved all successive inpatients having a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with deceased or discharged clinical outcomes from 1 January to 10 May 2021. Data were extracted from electronic medical records on demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings as well as complications faced and treatment provided during follow-up, involving serial samples for viral RNA identification, and compared between the dead and survivors. To investigate the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality, we employed the multivariate logistic regression model. In this study, 2048 patients were involved, 1458 of whom were discharged, and 590 died in hospital. More than half of patients were identified as male with old age being the potential risk factor of mortality. Exactly 94.8% of all patients presented with fever at the time of admission. Several comorbidities were present in the study population, with the most frequent comorbidity being cardiovascular diseases (1177 of 2048) and hypertension (975 of 2048) followed by cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Mortality rates for infected patients were observed as higher in severe patients (46.3%) compared with non-severe cases (26.1%) during a follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis showed a significant association of in-hospital mortality of patients with older age, presence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases as underlying comorbidities, increased level of cardiac troponin I and d-dimer concentration on admission, as well as septicemia and ARDS as a complication during illness. To minimize the risk of death in COVID19 patients, as well as the risk of severe complications, urgent public health measures should be properly planned and implemented on those vulnerable populations. To detect early manifestations of clinical problems, thorough and regular follow-up is warranted.Shazia RehmanNadia RehmanAyesha MumtazJindong JiangMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2risk-factorsin-hospital mortalitypublic healthepidemiologyMedicineRENHealthcare, Vol 9, Iss 1468, p 1468 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
risk-factors
in-hospital mortality
public health
epidemiology
Medicine
R
spellingShingle COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
risk-factors
in-hospital mortality
public health
epidemiology
Medicine
R
Shazia Rehman
Nadia Rehman
Ayesha Mumtaz
Jindong Jiang
Association of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
description COVID-19 is a rapidly disseminating infectious disease conferred by the World Health Organization (WHO) as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics data have been identified for patients with COVID-19, but mortality-related risk factors and a comprehensive clinical course of disease in a developing country have not been specifically defined. This retrospective, single-center cohort study involved all successive inpatients having a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with deceased or discharged clinical outcomes from 1 January to 10 May 2021. Data were extracted from electronic medical records on demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings as well as complications faced and treatment provided during follow-up, involving serial samples for viral RNA identification, and compared between the dead and survivors. To investigate the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality, we employed the multivariate logistic regression model. In this study, 2048 patients were involved, 1458 of whom were discharged, and 590 died in hospital. More than half of patients were identified as male with old age being the potential risk factor of mortality. Exactly 94.8% of all patients presented with fever at the time of admission. Several comorbidities were present in the study population, with the most frequent comorbidity being cardiovascular diseases (1177 of 2048) and hypertension (975 of 2048) followed by cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Mortality rates for infected patients were observed as higher in severe patients (46.3%) compared with non-severe cases (26.1%) during a follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis showed a significant association of in-hospital mortality of patients with older age, presence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases as underlying comorbidities, increased level of cardiac troponin I and d-dimer concentration on admission, as well as septicemia and ARDS as a complication during illness. To minimize the risk of death in COVID19 patients, as well as the risk of severe complications, urgent public health measures should be properly planned and implemented on those vulnerable populations. To detect early manifestations of clinical problems, thorough and regular follow-up is warranted.
format article
author Shazia Rehman
Nadia Rehman
Ayesha Mumtaz
Jindong Jiang
author_facet Shazia Rehman
Nadia Rehman
Ayesha Mumtaz
Jindong Jiang
author_sort Shazia Rehman
title Association of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_short Association of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_full Association of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_fullStr Association of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Association of Mortality-Related Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_sort association of mortality-related risk factors in patients with covid-19: a retrospective cohort study
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/8bfa0454b155495d8c31d43003c62a83
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