Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment

The Bali Government has made the implementation of the electric vehicle (EV) policy a high priority considering its attractiveness for emission and air pollution reduction to maintain the sustainability of Bali’s nature and tourism sector. Considering the uniqueness of the tourism sector in Bali and...

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Autores principales:	Muhamad Rizki, Jeanly Syahputri, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electric vehicle tourist stated preference multinomial logit model (MNL) CO<sub>2</sub> emission inventory Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8c01e7e6d6ec44edb073cdca8b015446
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8c01e7e6d6ec44edb073cdca8b0154462021-11-11T19:23:59ZElectrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment10.3390/su1321116562071-1050https://doaj.org/article/8c01e7e6d6ec44edb073cdca8b0154462021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11656https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The Bali Government has made the implementation of the electric vehicle (EV) policy a high priority considering its attractiveness for emission and air pollution reduction to maintain the sustainability of Bali’s nature and tourism sector. Considering the uniqueness of the tourism sector in Bali and the mobility it generates, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence EV use by tourists based on several scenarios for estimating EV share target and the emission reduction contributed. For those purposes, the stated choice questionnaire was distributed online and offline to tourists in Bali and analyzed using the multinomial logit (MNL) model. While the study done during pandemic times, where the number of the tourist is significantly decreasing and the travel behavior influenced by mobility restriction imposed by the government, the data collection still covered mobility of both international and domestic tourist. The survey found that rental cost and accessibility, as well as the quality of charging stations are factors that affect EV use by tourists. Motorcycle parking cost was also found to influence EV use. These findings align with previous studies, and interventions such as fiscal incentives for rental companies and infrastructure development are suggested similar to EV incentives implemented in China, India, or the US. The development of the low emission zone (LEZ) is also proposed to manage parking fares similar to what was implemented in London, specifically to push the shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) to EV. Based on emission inventory calculation, 1.9 million kg of potential annual CO<sub>2</sub> can be prevented with the implementation of these policies by the government.Muhamad RizkiJeanly SyahputriPrawira Fajarindra BelgiawanMuhammad Zudhy IrawanMDPI AGarticleelectric vehicletouriststated preferencemultinomial logit model (MNL)CO<sub>2</sub> emission inventoryEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11656, p 11656 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electric vehicle tourist stated preference multinomial logit model (MNL) CO<sub>2</sub> emission inventory Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	electric vehicle tourist stated preference multinomial logit model (MNL) CO<sub>2</sub> emission inventory Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Muhamad Rizki Jeanly Syahputri Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan Muhammad Zudhy Irawan Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment
description	The Bali Government has made the implementation of the electric vehicle (EV) policy a high priority considering its attractiveness for emission and air pollution reduction to maintain the sustainability of Bali’s nature and tourism sector. Considering the uniqueness of the tourism sector in Bali and the mobility it generates, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence EV use by tourists based on several scenarios for estimating EV share target and the emission reduction contributed. For those purposes, the stated choice questionnaire was distributed online and offline to tourists in Bali and analyzed using the multinomial logit (MNL) model. While the study done during pandemic times, where the number of the tourist is significantly decreasing and the travel behavior influenced by mobility restriction imposed by the government, the data collection still covered mobility of both international and domestic tourist. The survey found that rental cost and accessibility, as well as the quality of charging stations are factors that affect EV use by tourists. Motorcycle parking cost was also found to influence EV use. These findings align with previous studies, and interventions such as fiscal incentives for rental companies and infrastructure development are suggested similar to EV incentives implemented in China, India, or the US. The development of the low emission zone (LEZ) is also proposed to manage parking fares similar to what was implemented in London, specifically to push the shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) to EV. Based on emission inventory calculation, 1.9 million kg of potential annual CO<sub>2</sub> can be prevented with the implementation of these policies by the government.
format	article
author	Muhamad Rizki Jeanly Syahputri Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
author_facet	Muhamad Rizki Jeanly Syahputri Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
author_sort	Muhamad Rizki
title	Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment
title_short	Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment
title_full	Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment
title_fullStr	Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment
title_full_unstemmed	Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment
title_sort	electrifying tourist mobility in bali, indonesia: setting the target and estimating the co<sub>2</sub> reduction based on stated choice experiment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8c01e7e6d6ec44edb073cdca8b015446
work_keys_str_mv	AT muhamadrizki electrifyingtouristmobilityinbaliindonesiasettingthetargetandestimatingthecosub2subreductionbasedonstatedchoiceexperiment AT jeanlysyahputri electrifyingtouristmobilityinbaliindonesiasettingthetargetandestimatingthecosub2subreductionbasedonstatedchoiceexperiment AT prawirafajarindrabelgiawan electrifyingtouristmobilityinbaliindonesiasettingthetargetandestimatingthecosub2subreductionbasedonstatedchoiceexperiment AT muhammadzudhyirawan electrifyingtouristmobilityinbaliindonesiasettingthetargetandestimatingthecosub2subreductionbasedonstatedchoiceexperiment
_version_	1718431537760829440

Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment

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