An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) consist of sensor nodes that are operated in the soil medium. To evaluate the signal attenuation law of WUSN nodes, in this study, a WUSN node signal transmission test platform was built in the laboratory. The signal intensity data of WUSN nodes under diff...

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Autores principales:	Meng Han, Zenglin Zhang, Jie Yang, Jiayun Zheng, Wenting Han
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	WUSN orthogonal test method soil moisture content node burial depth soil compactness horizontal distance between nodes Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8c0f921da8634fa682494985d0229714
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8c0f921da8634fa682494985d02297142021-11-25T18:55:03ZAn Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks10.3390/rs132246422072-4292https://doaj.org/article/8c0f921da8634fa682494985d02297142021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4642https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) consist of sensor nodes that are operated in the soil medium. To evaluate the signal attenuation law of WUSN nodes, in this study, a WUSN node signal transmission test platform was built in the laboratory. The signal intensity data of WUSN nodes under different experimental conditions were obtained by orthogonal test. The WUSN node signal attenuation model was established. The test results show that the transmission of WUSN node signals in the soil medium is seriously affected by soil moisture content, node burial depth, soil compactness, and horizontal distance between nodes. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the models was between 0.790 and 0.893, and the RMSE of the models was between 2.489 and 4.192 dbm. Then, the WUSN node signal attenuation model involving the four factors was established. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and RMSE of the model were, respectively, 0.822 and 4.87 dbm. The WUSN node signal attenuation model established in this paper can facilitate WUSN node deployment.Meng HanZenglin ZhangJie YangJiayun ZhengWenting HanMDPI AGarticleWUSNorthogonal test methodsoil moisture contentnode burial depthsoil compactnesshorizontal distance between nodesScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4642, p 4642 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	WUSN orthogonal test method soil moisture content node burial depth soil compactness horizontal distance between nodes Science Q
spellingShingle	WUSN orthogonal test method soil moisture content node burial depth soil compactness horizontal distance between nodes Science Q Meng Han Zenglin Zhang Jie Yang Jiayun Zheng Wenting Han An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
description	Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) consist of sensor nodes that are operated in the soil medium. To evaluate the signal attenuation law of WUSN nodes, in this study, a WUSN node signal transmission test platform was built in the laboratory. The signal intensity data of WUSN nodes under different experimental conditions were obtained by orthogonal test. The WUSN node signal attenuation model was established. The test results show that the transmission of WUSN node signals in the soil medium is seriously affected by soil moisture content, node burial depth, soil compactness, and horizontal distance between nodes. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the models was between 0.790 and 0.893, and the RMSE of the models was between 2.489 and 4.192 dbm. Then, the WUSN node signal attenuation model involving the four factors was established. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and RMSE of the model were, respectively, 0.822 and 4.87 dbm. The WUSN node signal attenuation model established in this paper can facilitate WUSN node deployment.
format	article
author	Meng Han Zenglin Zhang Jie Yang Jiayun Zheng Wenting Han
author_facet	Meng Han Zenglin Zhang Jie Yang Jiayun Zheng Wenting Han
author_sort	Meng Han
title	An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
title_short	An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
title_full	An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
title_fullStr	An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
title_full_unstemmed	An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
title_sort	attenuation model of node signals in wireless underground sensor networks
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8c0f921da8634fa682494985d0229714
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_version_	1718410538508091392

An Attenuation Model of Node Signals in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

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