Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar

Abstract Exposure to heavy metals in mining activities is a health issue among miners. This study was carried out at three small-scale gold mining sites situated in Banmauk Township, Myanmar and aims to assess the occupational health risks of small-scale gold miners who are exposed to arsenic (As),...

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Autores principales:	Pokkate Wongsasuluk, Aung Zaw Tun, Srilert Chotpantarat, Wattasit Siriwong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8c1bdb313a454c68b69a123523f1b69b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8c1bdb313a454c68b69a123523f1b69b2021-11-28T12:16:50ZRelated health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar10.1038/s41598-021-02171-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8c1bdb313a454c68b69a123523f1b69b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02171-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Exposure to heavy metals in mining activities is a health issue among miners. This study was carried out at three small-scale gold mining sites situated in Banmauk Township, Myanmar and aims to assess the occupational health risks of small-scale gold miners who are exposed to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in the soil through the dermal route. Soil samples were analyzed through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals in soils found As, ranged 1.04 mg/kg to 22.17 mg/kg, 0.13 mg/kg to 3.07 mg/kg for Cd, 0.15 mg/kg to 77.44 mg/kg for Hg, and 7.67 mg/kg to 210.00 mg/kg for Pb. In this study, 79% of the participants did not use any form of personal protective equipment (PPE) while working in gold mining processes. Regarding noncancer risk assessment, the results found all hazard quotient were lower than acceptable level (HQ < 1). In addition, all hazard index (HI) was lover than 1, the highest HI was found as 5.66 × 10−1 in the amalgamation process. On the other hand, the result found cancer risk ranged from 8.02 × 10−8 to 1.75 × 10−6, and the estimated cancer risks for 9 years ranged from 4.78 × 10−7 to 1.04 × 10−5. Therefore, the cancer risks of the miners were greater than the United State Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) acceptable cancer risk level, 1 × 10−6, and the miners may be at risk of developing carcinogenic diseases. The suggestion is to educate miners about the health risks of heavy metals and to encourage the use of proper PPE all the time while working in gold mine.Pokkate WongsasulukAung Zaw TunSrilert ChotpantaratWattasit SiriwongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pokkate Wongsasuluk Aung Zaw Tun Srilert Chotpantarat Wattasit Siriwong Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar
description	Abstract Exposure to heavy metals in mining activities is a health issue among miners. This study was carried out at three small-scale gold mining sites situated in Banmauk Township, Myanmar and aims to assess the occupational health risks of small-scale gold miners who are exposed to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in the soil through the dermal route. Soil samples were analyzed through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals in soils found As, ranged 1.04 mg/kg to 22.17 mg/kg, 0.13 mg/kg to 3.07 mg/kg for Cd, 0.15 mg/kg to 77.44 mg/kg for Hg, and 7.67 mg/kg to 210.00 mg/kg for Pb. In this study, 79% of the participants did not use any form of personal protective equipment (PPE) while working in gold mining processes. Regarding noncancer risk assessment, the results found all hazard quotient were lower than acceptable level (HQ < 1). In addition, all hazard index (HI) was lover than 1, the highest HI was found as 5.66 × 10−1 in the amalgamation process. On the other hand, the result found cancer risk ranged from 8.02 × 10−8 to 1.75 × 10−6, and the estimated cancer risks for 9 years ranged from 4.78 × 10−7 to 1.04 × 10−5. Therefore, the cancer risks of the miners were greater than the United State Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) acceptable cancer risk level, 1 × 10−6, and the miners may be at risk of developing carcinogenic diseases. The suggestion is to educate miners about the health risks of heavy metals and to encourage the use of proper PPE all the time while working in gold mine.
format	article
author	Pokkate Wongsasuluk Aung Zaw Tun Srilert Chotpantarat Wattasit Siriwong
author_facet	Pokkate Wongsasuluk Aung Zaw Tun Srilert Chotpantarat Wattasit Siriwong
author_sort	Pokkate Wongsasuluk
title	Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar
title_short	Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar
title_full	Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar
title_fullStr	Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar
title_full_unstemmed	Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar
title_sort	related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in banmauk township, myanmar
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8c1bdb313a454c68b69a123523f1b69b
work_keys_str_mv	AT pokkatewongsasuluk relatedhealthriskassessmentofexposuretoarsenicandsomeheavymetalsingoldminesinbanmauktownshipmyanmar AT aungzawtun relatedhealthriskassessmentofexposuretoarsenicandsomeheavymetalsingoldminesinbanmauktownshipmyanmar AT srilertchotpantarat relatedhealthriskassessmentofexposuretoarsenicandsomeheavymetalsingoldminesinbanmauktownshipmyanmar AT wattasitsiriwong relatedhealthriskassessmentofexposuretoarsenicandsomeheavymetalsingoldminesinbanmauktownshipmyanmar
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Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar

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