Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites

Recent efforts to compare the sprite ratios with theoretical results have not been successfully resolved due to a lack of theoretical results for sprite streamers in varying altitudes. Advances in the predicted emission ratios of sprite streamers with a simple analytic equation have opened up the po...

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Autores principales:	Cheng-Ling Kuo, Earle Williams, Toru Adachi, Kevin Ihaddadene, Sebastien Celestin, Yukihiro Takahashi, Rue-Ron Hsu, Harald U. Frey, Stephen B. Mende, Lou-Chuang Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	transient luminous event sprite sprite halo carrot sprites ISUAL Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8c3c19c2a8f74969b51bd4239448a7e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8c3c19c2a8f74969b51bd4239448a7e12021-11-16T07:36:16ZExperimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.687989https://doaj.org/article/8c3c19c2a8f74969b51bd4239448a7e12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.687989/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463Recent efforts to compare the sprite ratios with theoretical results have not been successfully resolved due to a lack of theoretical results for sprite streamers in varying altitudes. Advances in the predicted emission ratios of sprite streamers with a simple analytic equation have opened up the possibility for direct comparisons of theoretical results with sprite observations. The study analyzed the blue-to-red ratios measured by the ISUAL array photometer with the analytical expression for the sprite emission ratio derived from the modeling of downward sprite streamers. Our statistical studies compared sprite halos and carrot sprites where the sprite halos showed fair agreement with the predicted ratios from the sprite streamer simulation. But carrot sprites had lower emission ratios. Their estimated electric field has a lower bound of greater than 0.4 times the conventional breakdown electric field (Ek). It was consistent with the results of remote electromagnetic field measurements for short delayed or big/bright sprites. An unexpectedly lower ratio in carrot sprites occurred since sprite beads or glow in carrot sprites may exist and contribute additional red emission.Cheng-Ling KuoCheng-Ling KuoEarle WilliamsToru AdachiToru AdachiKevin IhaddadeneSebastien CelestinYukihiro TakahashiRue-Ron HsuHarald U. FreyStephen B. MendeLou-Chuang LeeLou-Chuang LeeFrontiers Media S.A.articletransient luminous eventspritesprite halocarrot spritesISUALScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	transient luminous event sprite sprite halo carrot sprites ISUAL Science Q
spellingShingle	transient luminous event sprite sprite halo carrot sprites ISUAL Science Q Cheng-Ling Kuo Cheng-Ling Kuo Earle Williams Toru Adachi Toru Adachi Kevin Ihaddadene Sebastien Celestin Yukihiro Takahashi Rue-Ron Hsu Harald U. Frey Stephen B. Mende Lou-Chuang Lee Lou-Chuang Lee Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites
description	Recent efforts to compare the sprite ratios with theoretical results have not been successfully resolved due to a lack of theoretical results for sprite streamers in varying altitudes. Advances in the predicted emission ratios of sprite streamers with a simple analytic equation have opened up the possibility for direct comparisons of theoretical results with sprite observations. The study analyzed the blue-to-red ratios measured by the ISUAL array photometer with the analytical expression for the sprite emission ratio derived from the modeling of downward sprite streamers. Our statistical studies compared sprite halos and carrot sprites where the sprite halos showed fair agreement with the predicted ratios from the sprite streamer simulation. But carrot sprites had lower emission ratios. Their estimated electric field has a lower bound of greater than 0.4 times the conventional breakdown electric field (Ek). It was consistent with the results of remote electromagnetic field measurements for short delayed or big/bright sprites. An unexpectedly lower ratio in carrot sprites occurred since sprite beads or glow in carrot sprites may exist and contribute additional red emission.
format	article
author	Cheng-Ling Kuo Cheng-Ling Kuo Earle Williams Toru Adachi Toru Adachi Kevin Ihaddadene Sebastien Celestin Yukihiro Takahashi Rue-Ron Hsu Harald U. Frey Stephen B. Mende Lou-Chuang Lee Lou-Chuang Lee
author_facet	Cheng-Ling Kuo Cheng-Ling Kuo Earle Williams Toru Adachi Toru Adachi Kevin Ihaddadene Sebastien Celestin Yukihiro Takahashi Rue-Ron Hsu Harald U. Frey Stephen B. Mende Lou-Chuang Lee Lou-Chuang Lee
author_sort	Cheng-Ling Kuo
title	Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites
title_short	Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites
title_full	Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites
title_fullStr	Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites
title_full_unstemmed	Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites
title_sort	experimental validation of n2 emission ratios in altitude profiles of observed sprites
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8c3c19c2a8f74969b51bd4239448a7e1
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Experimental Validation of N2 Emission Ratios in Altitude Profiles of Observed Sprites

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