Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study

Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study

Mohammed Badedi,1 Hussain Darraj,1 Abdulrahman Hummadi,1 Yahia Solan,1 Ibrahim Zakri,1 Abdullah Khawaji,1 Mohammed Daghreeri,1 Ahmed Budaydi2 1Jazan Diabetes & Endocrine Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Abu Arish General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Saudi ArabiaCorre...

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Autores principales: Badedi M, Darraj H, Hummadi A, Solan Y, Zakri I, Khawaji A, Daghreeri M, Budaydi A
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:
vitamin b12 deficiency
foot ulcer
type 2 diabetes mellitus
jazan
saudi arabia
Specialties of internal medicine
RC581-951
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/8c5e2ee844bf4cbaafa0cbc9aa00bb9f
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:8c5e2ee844bf4cbaafa0cbc9aa00bb9f2021-12-02T05:41:30ZVitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/8c5e2ee844bf4cbaafa0cbc9aa00bb9f2019-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/vitamin-b12-deficiency-and-foot-ulcers-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-a-c-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Mohammed Badedi,1 Hussain Darraj,1 Abdulrahman Hummadi,1 Yahia Solan,1 Ibrahim Zakri,1 Abdullah Khawaji,1 Mohammed Daghreeri,1 Ahmed Budaydi2 1Jazan Diabetes & Endocrine Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Abu Arish General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammed Badedi Tel +966 559154136Email dr.badedi@gmail.comObjective: To assess the association between vitamin B12 deficiency and the development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This is a case–control study that enrolled 323 Saudi adults with T2DM randomly selected from the Jazan Diabetes & Endocrine Center, Saudi Arabia from January 1, 2019, to July 31, 2019. The sample included 108 newly diagnosed cases with DFU and 215 control participants with T2DM unaffected by and free of foot ulcers (1:2 ratio). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the DFU predictors and to examine the association of DFU and vitamin B12 deficiency.Results: The highest DFU rates were found among the male participants and the participants older than 45 years. Neuropathy, vasculopathy, vitamin B12 deficiency, poor glycemic control, poor feet self-care, Charcot foot, physical inactivity, and spending long time standing at work were significantly associated with DFU, and all except physical inactivity and spending long time standing at work were independent predictors of DFU. After adjustment for the covariates, vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly associated with DFU (odds ratio 3.1), indicating that the patients with T2DM and vitamin B12 deficiency had a three times higher risk of developing DFU than those with normal vitamin B12 levels.Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency had a significant association with DFU among the Saudi participants with T2DM. Establishing the causality and clarifying the biological role of vitamin B12 deficiency in DFU is important aims for future studies.Keywords: vitamin B12 deficiency, foot ulcer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaBadedi MDarraj HHummadi ASolan YZakri IKhawaji ADaghreeri MBudaydi ADove Medical Pressarticlevitamin b12 deficiencyfoot ulcertype 2 diabetes mellitusjazansaudi arabiaSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 12, Pp 2589-2596 (2019)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic vitamin b12 deficiency
foot ulcer
type 2 diabetes mellitus
jazan
saudi arabia
Specialties of internal medicine
RC581-951
spellingShingle vitamin b12 deficiency
foot ulcer
type 2 diabetes mellitus
jazan
saudi arabia
Specialties of internal medicine
RC581-951
Badedi M
Darraj H
Hummadi A
Solan Y
Zakri I
Khawaji A
Daghreeri M
Budaydi A
Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
description Mohammed Badedi,1 Hussain Darraj,1 Abdulrahman Hummadi,1 Yahia Solan,1 Ibrahim Zakri,1 Abdullah Khawaji,1 Mohammed Daghreeri,1 Ahmed Budaydi2 1Jazan Diabetes & Endocrine Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Abu Arish General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammed Badedi Tel +966 559154136Email dr.badedi@gmail.comObjective: To assess the association between vitamin B12 deficiency and the development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This is a case–control study that enrolled 323 Saudi adults with T2DM randomly selected from the Jazan Diabetes & Endocrine Center, Saudi Arabia from January 1, 2019, to July 31, 2019. The sample included 108 newly diagnosed cases with DFU and 215 control participants with T2DM unaffected by and free of foot ulcers (1:2 ratio). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the DFU predictors and to examine the association of DFU and vitamin B12 deficiency.Results: The highest DFU rates were found among the male participants and the participants older than 45 years. Neuropathy, vasculopathy, vitamin B12 deficiency, poor glycemic control, poor feet self-care, Charcot foot, physical inactivity, and spending long time standing at work were significantly associated with DFU, and all except physical inactivity and spending long time standing at work were independent predictors of DFU. After adjustment for the covariates, vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly associated with DFU (odds ratio 3.1), indicating that the patients with T2DM and vitamin B12 deficiency had a three times higher risk of developing DFU than those with normal vitamin B12 levels.Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency had a significant association with DFU among the Saudi participants with T2DM. Establishing the causality and clarifying the biological role of vitamin B12 deficiency in DFU is important aims for future studies.Keywords: vitamin B12 deficiency, foot ulcer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
format article
author Badedi M
Darraj H
Hummadi A
Solan Y
Zakri I
Khawaji A
Daghreeri M
Budaydi A
author_facet Badedi M
Darraj H
Hummadi A
Solan Y
Zakri I
Khawaji A
Daghreeri M
Budaydi A
author_sort Badedi M
title Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
title_short Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
title_full Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
title_fullStr Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
title_sort vitamin b12 deficiency and foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2019
url https://doaj.org/article/8c5e2ee844bf4cbaafa0cbc9aa00bb9f
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