The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.

Each year the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirussalmonis Krøyer, 1838) causes multi-million dollar commercial losses to the salmon farming industry world-wide, and strict lice control regimes have been put in place to reduce the release of salmon louse larvae from aquaculture facilities into the environme...

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Autores principales:	Lars A Hamre, Christiane Eichner, Christopher Marlowe A Caipang, Sussie T Dalvin, James E Bron, Frank Nilsen, Geoff Boxshall, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8c716da2ee394ecbb3742c1335d423c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8c716da2ee394ecbb3742c1335d423c02021-11-18T08:55:34ZThe Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0073539https://doaj.org/article/8c716da2ee394ecbb3742c1335d423c02013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24069203/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Each year the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirussalmonis Krøyer, 1838) causes multi-million dollar commercial losses to the salmon farming industry world-wide, and strict lice control regimes have been put in place to reduce the release of salmon louse larvae from aquaculture facilities into the environment. For half a century, the Lepeophtheirus life cycle has been regarded as the only copepod life cycle including 8 post-nauplius instars as confirmed in four different species, including L. salmonis. Here we prove that the accepted life cycle of the salmon louse is wrong. By observations of chalimus larvae molting in incubators and by morphometric cluster analysis, we show that there are only two chalimus instars: chalimus 1 (comprising the former chalimus I and II stages which are not separated by a molt) and chalimus 2 (the former chalimus III and IV stages which are not separated by a molt). Consequently the salmon louse life cycle has only six post-nauplius instars, as in other genera of caligid sea lice and copepods in general. These findings are of fundamental importance in experimental studies as well as for interpretation of salmon louse biology and for control and management of this economically important parasite.Lars A HamreChristiane EichnerChristopher Marlowe A CaipangSussie T DalvinJames E BronFrank NilsenGeoff BoxshallRasmus Skern-MauritzenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e73539 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lars A Hamre Christiane Eichner Christopher Marlowe A Caipang Sussie T Dalvin James E Bron Frank Nilsen Geoff Boxshall Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
description	Each year the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirussalmonis Krøyer, 1838) causes multi-million dollar commercial losses to the salmon farming industry world-wide, and strict lice control regimes have been put in place to reduce the release of salmon louse larvae from aquaculture facilities into the environment. For half a century, the Lepeophtheirus life cycle has been regarded as the only copepod life cycle including 8 post-nauplius instars as confirmed in four different species, including L. salmonis. Here we prove that the accepted life cycle of the salmon louse is wrong. By observations of chalimus larvae molting in incubators and by morphometric cluster analysis, we show that there are only two chalimus instars: chalimus 1 (comprising the former chalimus I and II stages which are not separated by a molt) and chalimus 2 (the former chalimus III and IV stages which are not separated by a molt). Consequently the salmon louse life cycle has only six post-nauplius instars, as in other genera of caligid sea lice and copepods in general. These findings are of fundamental importance in experimental studies as well as for interpretation of salmon louse biology and for control and management of this economically important parasite.
format	article
author	Lars A Hamre Christiane Eichner Christopher Marlowe A Caipang Sussie T Dalvin James E Bron Frank Nilsen Geoff Boxshall Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
author_facet	Lars A Hamre Christiane Eichner Christopher Marlowe A Caipang Sussie T Dalvin James E Bron Frank Nilsen Geoff Boxshall Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
author_sort	Lars A Hamre
title	The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
title_short	The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
title_full	The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
title_fullStr	The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
title_full_unstemmed	The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
title_sort	salmon louse lepeophtheirus salmonis (copepoda: caligidae) life cycle has only two chalimus stages.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/8c716da2ee394ecbb3742c1335d423c0
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The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.

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