Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.

<h4>Background</h4>Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and they infect mainly persons with underlying pulmonary diseases but also previously healthy elderly women. Defects in host resistance that lead to pulmonary infections by NTM are relatively unknown....

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Autores principales:	Hannele Kotilainen, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Riitta Paakkanen, Mikko Seppänen, Pentti Tukiainen, Seppo Meri, Tuija Poussa, Jussi Eskola, Ville Valtonen, Asko Järvinen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8c7c7ee51f7f4b1f83682f7a54bf7ad4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8c7c7ee51f7f4b1f83682f7a54bf7ad42021-11-18T08:27:40ZComplement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0091450https://doaj.org/article/8c7c7ee51f7f4b1f83682f7a54bf7ad42014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24638111/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and they infect mainly persons with underlying pulmonary diseases but also previously healthy elderly women. Defects in host resistance that lead to pulmonary infections by NTM are relatively unknown. A few genetic defects have been associated with both pulmonary and disseminated mycobacterial infections. Rare disseminated NTM infections have been associated with genetic defects in T-cell mediated immunity and in cytokine signaling in families. We investigated whether there was an association between NTM infections and deficiencies of complement components C4A or C4B that are encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC).<h4>Methods</h4>50 adult patients with a positive NTM culture with symptoms and findings of a NTM disease were recruited. Patients' clinical history was collected and symptoms and clinical findings were categorized according to 2007 diagnostic criteria of The American Thoracic Society (ATS). To investigate the deficiencies of complement, C4A and C4B gene copy numbers and phenotype frequencies of the C4 allotypes were analyzed. Unselected, healthy, 149 Finnish adults were used as controls.<h4>Results</h4>NTM patients had more often C4 deficiencies (C4A or C4B) than controls (36/50 [72%] vs 83/149 [56%], OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.019-4.105, p = 0.042). C4 deficiencies for female NTM patients were more common than for controls (29/36 [81%] vs 55/100 [55%], OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.358-8.460, p = 0.007). C4 deficiences seemed not to be related to any specific underlying disease or C4 phenotype.<h4>Conclusions</h4>C4 deficiency may be a risk factor for NTM infection in especially elderly female patients.Hannele KotilainenMarja-Liisa LokkiRiitta PaakkanenMikko SeppänenPentti TukiainenSeppo MeriTuija PoussaJussi EskolaVille ValtonenAsko JärvinenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e91450 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hannele Kotilainen Marja-Liisa Lokki Riitta Paakkanen Mikko Seppänen Pentti Tukiainen Seppo Meri Tuija Poussa Jussi Eskola Ville Valtonen Asko Järvinen Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and they infect mainly persons with underlying pulmonary diseases but also previously healthy elderly women. Defects in host resistance that lead to pulmonary infections by NTM are relatively unknown. A few genetic defects have been associated with both pulmonary and disseminated mycobacterial infections. Rare disseminated NTM infections have been associated with genetic defects in T-cell mediated immunity and in cytokine signaling in families. We investigated whether there was an association between NTM infections and deficiencies of complement components C4A or C4B that are encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC).<h4>Methods</h4>50 adult patients with a positive NTM culture with symptoms and findings of a NTM disease were recruited. Patients' clinical history was collected and symptoms and clinical findings were categorized according to 2007 diagnostic criteria of The American Thoracic Society (ATS). To investigate the deficiencies of complement, C4A and C4B gene copy numbers and phenotype frequencies of the C4 allotypes were analyzed. Unselected, healthy, 149 Finnish adults were used as controls.<h4>Results</h4>NTM patients had more often C4 deficiencies (C4A or C4B) than controls (36/50 [72%] vs 83/149 [56%], OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.019-4.105, p = 0.042). C4 deficiencies for female NTM patients were more common than for controls (29/36 [81%] vs 55/100 [55%], OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.358-8.460, p = 0.007). C4 deficiences seemed not to be related to any specific underlying disease or C4 phenotype.<h4>Conclusions</h4>C4 deficiency may be a risk factor for NTM infection in especially elderly female patients.
format	article
author	Hannele Kotilainen Marja-Liisa Lokki Riitta Paakkanen Mikko Seppänen Pentti Tukiainen Seppo Meri Tuija Poussa Jussi Eskola Ville Valtonen Asko Järvinen
author_facet	Hannele Kotilainen Marja-Liisa Lokki Riitta Paakkanen Mikko Seppänen Pentti Tukiainen Seppo Meri Tuija Poussa Jussi Eskola Ville Valtonen Asko Järvinen
author_sort	Hannele Kotilainen
title	Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.
title_short	Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.
title_full	Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.
title_fullStr	Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.
title_full_unstemmed	Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.
title_sort	complement c4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/8c7c7ee51f7f4b1f83682f7a54bf7ad4
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Complement C4 deficiency--a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients.

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