National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.

<h4>Background</h4>Increases in body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) are often ascribed to changes in global trade patterns or increases in national income. These changes are likely to affect populations within LMICs different...

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Autores principales:	Melissa Neuman, Ichiro Kawachi, Steven Gortmaker, Sv Subramanian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8c80d7c0e96e44eab76ee9cb7312af2a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8c80d7c0e96e44eab76ee9cb7312af2a2021-11-18T08:16:15ZNational economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0099327https://doaj.org/article/8c80d7c0e96e44eab76ee9cb7312af2a2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24919199/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Increases in body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) are often ascribed to changes in global trade patterns or increases in national income. These changes are likely to affect populations within LMICs differently based on their place of residence or socioeconomic status (SES).<h4>Objective</h4>Using nationally representative survey data from 38 countries and national economic indicators from the World Bank and other international organizations, we estimated ecological and multilevel models to assess the association between national levels of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), and mean tariffs and BMI.<h4>Design</h4>We used linear regression to estimate the ecological association between average annual change in economic indicators and BMI, and multilevel linear or ordered multinomial models to estimate associations between national economic indicators and individual BMI or over- and underweight. We also included cross-level interaction terms to highlight differences in the association of BMI with national economic indicators by type of residence or socioeconomic status (SES).<h4>Results</h4>There was a positive but non-significant association of GDP and mean BMI. This positive association of GDP and BMI was greater among rural residents and the poor. There were no significant ecological associations between measures of trade openness and mean BMI, but FDI was positively associated with BMI among the poorest respondents and in rural areas and tariff levels were negatively associated with BMI among poor and rural respondents.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Measures of national income and trade openness have different associations with the BMI across populations within developing countries. These divergent findings underscore the complexity of the effects of development on health and the importance of considering how the health effects of "globalizing" economic and cultural trends are modified by individual-level wealth and residence.Melissa NeumanIchiro KawachiSteven GortmakerSv SubramanianPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e99327 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Melissa Neuman Ichiro Kawachi Steven Gortmaker Sv Subramanian National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Increases in body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) are often ascribed to changes in global trade patterns or increases in national income. These changes are likely to affect populations within LMICs differently based on their place of residence or socioeconomic status (SES).<h4>Objective</h4>Using nationally representative survey data from 38 countries and national economic indicators from the World Bank and other international organizations, we estimated ecological and multilevel models to assess the association between national levels of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), and mean tariffs and BMI.<h4>Design</h4>We used linear regression to estimate the ecological association between average annual change in economic indicators and BMI, and multilevel linear or ordered multinomial models to estimate associations between national economic indicators and individual BMI or over- and underweight. We also included cross-level interaction terms to highlight differences in the association of BMI with national economic indicators by type of residence or socioeconomic status (SES).<h4>Results</h4>There was a positive but non-significant association of GDP and mean BMI. This positive association of GDP and BMI was greater among rural residents and the poor. There were no significant ecological associations between measures of trade openness and mean BMI, but FDI was positively associated with BMI among the poorest respondents and in rural areas and tariff levels were negatively associated with BMI among poor and rural respondents.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Measures of national income and trade openness have different associations with the BMI across populations within developing countries. These divergent findings underscore the complexity of the effects of development on health and the importance of considering how the health effects of "globalizing" economic and cultural trends are modified by individual-level wealth and residence.
format	article
author	Melissa Neuman Ichiro Kawachi Steven Gortmaker Sv Subramanian
author_facet	Melissa Neuman Ichiro Kawachi Steven Gortmaker Sv Subramanian
author_sort	Melissa Neuman
title	National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.
title_short	National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.
title_full	National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.
title_fullStr	National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.
title_full_unstemmed	National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.
title_sort	national economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/8c80d7c0e96e44eab76ee9cb7312af2a
work_keys_str_mv	AT melissaneuman nationaleconomicdevelopmentanddisparitiesinbodymassindexacrosssectionalstudyofdatafrom38countries AT ichirokawachi nationaleconomicdevelopmentanddisparitiesinbodymassindexacrosssectionalstudyofdatafrom38countries AT stevengortmaker nationaleconomicdevelopmentanddisparitiesinbodymassindexacrosssectionalstudyofdatafrom38countries AT svsubramanian nationaleconomicdevelopmentanddisparitiesinbodymassindexacrosssectionalstudyofdatafrom38countries
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National economic development and disparities in body mass index: a cross-sectional study of data from 38 countries.

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