Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges

Abstract X-ray and γ-ray emissions observed in lightning and long sparks are usually connected with the bremsstrahlung of high-energy runaway electrons. Here, an alternative physical mechanism for producing X-ray and gamma-ray emissions caused by the polarization current and associated electromagnet...

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Autor principal:	N. I. Petrov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8caf727078d44ddda46f0062877754ff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8caf727078d44ddda46f0062877754ff2021-12-02T19:16:14ZSynchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges10.1038/s41598-021-99336-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8caf727078d44ddda46f0062877754ff2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99336-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract X-ray and γ-ray emissions observed in lightning and long sparks are usually connected with the bremsstrahlung of high-energy runaway electrons. Here, an alternative physical mechanism for producing X-ray and gamma-ray emissions caused by the polarization current and associated electromagnetic field moving with relativistic velocity along a curved discharge channel has been proposed. The existence of fast electromagnetic surface waves propagating along the lightning discharge channel at a speed close to the speed of light in vacuum is shown. The possibility of the production of microwave, X-ray and gamma-ray emissions by a polarization current pulse moving along a curved path via synchrotron radiation mechanism is pointed out. The existence of long tails in the power spectrum is shown, which explains observations of photon energies in the range of 10–100 MeV in the terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, as well as measured power spectrum of laboratory spark discharge.N. I. PetrovNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q N. I. Petrov Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges
description	Abstract X-ray and γ-ray emissions observed in lightning and long sparks are usually connected with the bremsstrahlung of high-energy runaway electrons. Here, an alternative physical mechanism for producing X-ray and gamma-ray emissions caused by the polarization current and associated electromagnetic field moving with relativistic velocity along a curved discharge channel has been proposed. The existence of fast electromagnetic surface waves propagating along the lightning discharge channel at a speed close to the speed of light in vacuum is shown. The possibility of the production of microwave, X-ray and gamma-ray emissions by a polarization current pulse moving along a curved path via synchrotron radiation mechanism is pointed out. The existence of long tails in the power spectrum is shown, which explains observations of photon energies in the range of 10–100 MeV in the terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, as well as measured power spectrum of laboratory spark discharge.
format	article
author	N. I. Petrov
author_facet	N. I. Petrov
author_sort	N. I. Petrov
title	Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges
title_short	Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges
title_full	Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges
title_fullStr	Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges
title_full_unstemmed	Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges
title_sort	synchrotron mechanism of x-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8caf727078d44ddda46f0062877754ff
work_keys_str_mv	AT nipetrov synchrotronmechanismofxrayandgammarayemissionsinlightningandsparkdischarges
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Synchrotron mechanism of X-ray and gamma-ray emissions in lightning and spark discharges

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