Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome

The plant specialized metabolome consists of a multitude of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites, variable from species to species. The specialized metabolites play roles in the response to environmental changes and abiotic or biotic stresses, as well as in plant growth and development....

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Autores principales:	Sandrien Desmet, Kris Morreel, Rebecca Dauwe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	plant specialized metabolome biosynthesis pathways metabolite modification structural diversity structure-function relationship Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8cb0d806466048e9b10a7ced872d948e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8cb0d806466048e9b10a7ced872d948e2021-11-25T18:46:14ZOrigin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome10.3390/plants101123932223-7747https://doaj.org/article/8cb0d806466048e9b10a7ced872d948e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2393https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747The plant specialized metabolome consists of a multitude of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites, variable from species to species. The specialized metabolites play roles in the response to environmental changes and abiotic or biotic stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. At its basis, the specialized metabolism is built of four major pathways, each starting from a few distinct primary metabolism precursors, and leading to distinct basic carbon skeleton core structures: polyketides and fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Structural diversity in specialized metabolism, however, expands exponentially with each subsequent modification. We review here the major sources of structural variety and question if a specific role can be attributed to each distinct structure. We focus on the influences that various core structures and modifications have on flavonoid antioxidant activity and on the diversity generated by oxidative coupling reactions. We suggest that many oxidative coupling products, triggered by initial radical scavenging, may not have a function <i>in se</i>, but could potentially be enzymatically recycled to effective antioxidants. We further discuss the wide structural variety created by multiple decorations (glycosylations, acylations, prenylations), the formation of high-molecular weight conjugates and polyesters, and the plasticity of the specialized metabolism. We draw attention to the need for untargeted methods to identify the complex, multiply decorated and conjugated compounds, in order to study the functioning of the plant specialized metabolome.Sandrien DesmetKris MorreelRebecca DauweMDPI AGarticleplant specialized metabolomebiosynthesis pathwaysmetabolite modificationstructural diversitystructure-function relationshipBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2393, p 2393 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	plant specialized metabolome biosynthesis pathways metabolite modification structural diversity structure-function relationship Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	plant specialized metabolome biosynthesis pathways metabolite modification structural diversity structure-function relationship Botany QK1-989 Sandrien Desmet Kris Morreel Rebecca Dauwe Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome
description	The plant specialized metabolome consists of a multitude of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites, variable from species to species. The specialized metabolites play roles in the response to environmental changes and abiotic or biotic stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. At its basis, the specialized metabolism is built of four major pathways, each starting from a few distinct primary metabolism precursors, and leading to distinct basic carbon skeleton core structures: polyketides and fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Structural diversity in specialized metabolism, however, expands exponentially with each subsequent modification. We review here the major sources of structural variety and question if a specific role can be attributed to each distinct structure. We focus on the influences that various core structures and modifications have on flavonoid antioxidant activity and on the diversity generated by oxidative coupling reactions. We suggest that many oxidative coupling products, triggered by initial radical scavenging, may not have a function <i>in se</i>, but could potentially be enzymatically recycled to effective antioxidants. We further discuss the wide structural variety created by multiple decorations (glycosylations, acylations, prenylations), the formation of high-molecular weight conjugates and polyesters, and the plasticity of the specialized metabolism. We draw attention to the need for untargeted methods to identify the complex, multiply decorated and conjugated compounds, in order to study the functioning of the plant specialized metabolome.
format	article
author	Sandrien Desmet Kris Morreel Rebecca Dauwe
author_facet	Sandrien Desmet Kris Morreel Rebecca Dauwe
author_sort	Sandrien Desmet
title	Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome
title_short	Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome
title_full	Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome
title_fullStr	Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome
title_full_unstemmed	Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome
title_sort	origin and function of structural diversity in the plant specialized metabolome
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8cb0d806466048e9b10a7ced872d948e
work_keys_str_mv	AT sandriendesmet originandfunctionofstructuraldiversityintheplantspecializedmetabolome AT krismorreel originandfunctionofstructuraldiversityintheplantspecializedmetabolome AT rebeccadauwe originandfunctionofstructuraldiversityintheplantspecializedmetabolome
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Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome

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