Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions

ABSTRACT Viruses are believed to be responsible for the mortality of host organisms. However, some recent investigations reveal that viruses may be essential for host survival. To date, it remains unclear whether viruses are beneficial or harmful to their hosts. To reveal the roles of viruses in the...

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Autores principales:	Tianliang He, Hongyun Li, Xiaobo Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	deep-sea hydrothermal vent marine virus metabolic compensation microbial metabolism Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8cce77d2d35c4568990eaf738a2c69c9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8cce77d2d35c4568990eaf738a2c69c92021-11-15T15:51:44ZDeep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions10.1128/mBio.00893-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/8cce77d2d35c4568990eaf738a2c69c92017-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00893-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Viruses are believed to be responsible for the mortality of host organisms. However, some recent investigations reveal that viruses may be essential for host survival. To date, it remains unclear whether viruses are beneficial or harmful to their hosts. To reveal the roles of viruses in the virus-host interactions, viromes and microbiomes of sediment samples from three deep-sea hydrothermal vents were explored in this study. To exclude the influence of exogenous DNAs on viromes, the virus particles were purified with nuclease (DNase I and RNase A) treatments and cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The metagenomic analysis of viromes without exogenous DNA contamination and microbiomes of vent samples indicated that viruses had compensation effects on the metabolisms of their host microorganisms. Viral genes not only participated in most of the microbial metabolic pathways but also formed branched pathways in microbial metabolisms, including pyrimidine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; nitrogen metabolism and assimilation pathways of the two-component system; selenocompound metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. As is well known, deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems exist in relatively isolated environments which are barely influenced by other ecosystems. The metabolic compensation of hosts mediated by viruses might represent a very important aspect of virus-host interactions. IMPORTANCE Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans and have very important roles in regulating microbial community structure and biogeochemical cycles. The relationship between virus and host microbes is broadly thought to be that of predator and prey. Viruses can lyse host cells to control microbial population sizes and affect community structures of hosts by killing specific microbes. However, viruses also influence their hosts through manipulation of bacterial metabolism. We found that viral genes not only participated in most microbial metabolic pathways but also formed branched pathways in microbial metabolisms. The metabolic compensation of hosts mediated by viruses may help hosts to adapt to extreme environments and may be essential for host survival.Tianliang HeHongyun LiXiaobo ZhangAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticledeep-sea hydrothermal ventmarine virusmetabolic compensationmicrobial metabolismMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 4 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	deep-sea hydrothermal vent marine virus metabolic compensation microbial metabolism Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	deep-sea hydrothermal vent marine virus metabolic compensation microbial metabolism Microbiology QR1-502 Tianliang He Hongyun Li Xiaobo Zhang Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions
description	ABSTRACT Viruses are believed to be responsible for the mortality of host organisms. However, some recent investigations reveal that viruses may be essential for host survival. To date, it remains unclear whether viruses are beneficial or harmful to their hosts. To reveal the roles of viruses in the virus-host interactions, viromes and microbiomes of sediment samples from three deep-sea hydrothermal vents were explored in this study. To exclude the influence of exogenous DNAs on viromes, the virus particles were purified with nuclease (DNase I and RNase A) treatments and cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The metagenomic analysis of viromes without exogenous DNA contamination and microbiomes of vent samples indicated that viruses had compensation effects on the metabolisms of their host microorganisms. Viral genes not only participated in most of the microbial metabolic pathways but also formed branched pathways in microbial metabolisms, including pyrimidine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; nitrogen metabolism and assimilation pathways of the two-component system; selenocompound metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. As is well known, deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems exist in relatively isolated environments which are barely influenced by other ecosystems. The metabolic compensation of hosts mediated by viruses might represent a very important aspect of virus-host interactions. IMPORTANCE Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans and have very important roles in regulating microbial community structure and biogeochemical cycles. The relationship between virus and host microbes is broadly thought to be that of predator and prey. Viruses can lyse host cells to control microbial population sizes and affect community structures of hosts by killing specific microbes. However, viruses also influence their hosts through manipulation of bacterial metabolism. We found that viral genes not only participated in most microbial metabolic pathways but also formed branched pathways in microbial metabolisms. The metabolic compensation of hosts mediated by viruses may help hosts to adapt to extreme environments and may be essential for host survival.
format	article
author	Tianliang He Hongyun Li Xiaobo Zhang
author_facet	Tianliang He Hongyun Li Xiaobo Zhang
author_sort	Tianliang He
title	Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions
title_short	Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions
title_full	Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions
title_fullStr	Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions
title_full_unstemmed	Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions
title_sort	deep-sea hydrothermal vent viruses compensate for microbial metabolism in virus-host interactions
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/8cce77d2d35c4568990eaf738a2c69c9
work_keys_str_mv	AT tianlianghe deepseahydrothermalventvirusescompensateformicrobialmetabolisminvirushostinteractions AT hongyunli deepseahydrothermalventvirusescompensateformicrobialmetabolisminvirushostinteractions AT xiaobozhang deepseahydrothermalventvirusescompensateformicrobialmetabolisminvirushostinteractions
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Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Viruses Compensate for Microbial Metabolism in Virus-Host Interactions

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