Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome
ABSTRACT Classical ecology provides principles for construction and function of biological communities, but to what extent these apply to the animal-associated microbiota is just beginning to be assessed. Here, we investigated the influence of several well-known ecological principles on animal-assoc...
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American Society for Microbiology
2018
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oai:doaj.org-article:8ce2e460419144ca8074efe69634a3ee2021-11-15T15:53:27ZAllometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome10.1128/mBio.00319-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/8ce2e460419144ca8074efe69634a3ee2018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00319-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Classical ecology provides principles for construction and function of biological communities, but to what extent these apply to the animal-associated microbiota is just beginning to be assessed. Here, we investigated the influence of several well-known ecological principles on animal-associated microbiota by characterizing gut microbial specimens from bilaterally symmetrical animals (Bilateria) ranging from flies to whales. A rigorously vetted sample set containing 265 specimens from 64 species was assembled. Bacterial lineages were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Previously published samples were also compared, allowing analysis of over 1,098 samples in total. A restricted number of bacterial phyla was found to account for the great majority of gut colonists. Gut microbial composition was associated with host phylogeny and diet. We identified numerous gut bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences that diverged deeply from previously studied taxa, identifying opportunities to discover new bacterial types. The number of bacterial lineages per gut sample was positively associated with animal mass, paralleling known species-area relationships from island biogeography and implicating body size as a determinant of community stability and niche complexity. Samples from larger animals harbored greater numbers of anaerobic communities, specifying a mechanism for generating more-complex microbial environments. Predictions for species/abundance relationships from models of neutral colonization did not match the data set, pointing to alternative mechanisms such as selection of specific colonists by environmental niche. Taken together, the data suggest that niche complexity increases with gut size and that niche selection forces dominate gut community construction. IMPORTANCE The intestinal microbiome of animals is essential for health, contributing to digestion of foods, proper immune development, inhibition of pathogen colonization, and catabolism of xenobiotic compounds. How these communities assemble and persist is just beginning to be investigated. Here we interrogated a set of gut samples from a wide range of animals to investigate the roles of selection and random processes in microbial community construction. We show that the numbers of bacterial species increased with the weight of host organisms, paralleling findings from studies of island biogeography. Communities in larger organisms tended to be more anaerobic, suggesting one mechanism for niche diversification. Nonselective processes enable specific predictions for community structure, but our samples did not match the predictions of the neutral model. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of niche selection in community construction and suggest mechanisms of niche diversification.Scott Sherrill-MixKevin McCormickAbigail LauderAubrey BaileyLaurie ZimmermanYingying LiJean-Bosco N. DjangoPaco BertolaniChristelle ColinJohn A. HartTerese B. HartAlexander V. GeorgievCrickette M. SanzDavid B. MorganRebeca AtenciaDebby CoxMartin N. MullerVolker SommerAlexander K. PielFiona A. StewartSheri SpeedeJoe RomanGary WuJosh TaylorRudolf BohmHeather M. RoseJohn CarlsonDeus MjunguPaul SchmidtCeleste GaughanJoyslin I. BushmanElla SchmidtKyle BittingerRonald G. CollmanBeatrice H. HahnFrederic D. BushmanAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebacteriabilateriamicrobiomemicrobiotaneutral modelspecies-areaMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 2 (2018) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
bacteria bilateria microbiome microbiota neutral model species-area Microbiology QR1-502 |
| spellingShingle |
bacteria bilateria microbiome microbiota neutral model species-area Microbiology QR1-502 Scott Sherrill-Mix Kevin McCormick Abigail Lauder Aubrey Bailey Laurie Zimmerman Yingying Li Jean-Bosco N. Django Paco Bertolani Christelle Colin John A. Hart Terese B. Hart Alexander V. Georgiev Crickette M. Sanz David B. Morgan Rebeca Atencia Debby Cox Martin N. Muller Volker Sommer Alexander K. Piel Fiona A. Stewart Sheri Speede Joe Roman Gary Wu Josh Taylor Rudolf Bohm Heather M. Rose John Carlson Deus Mjungu Paul Schmidt Celeste Gaughan Joyslin I. Bushman Ella Schmidt Kyle Bittinger Ronald G. Collman Beatrice H. Hahn Frederic D. Bushman Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome |
| description |
ABSTRACT Classical ecology provides principles for construction and function of biological communities, but to what extent these apply to the animal-associated microbiota is just beginning to be assessed. Here, we investigated the influence of several well-known ecological principles on animal-associated microbiota by characterizing gut microbial specimens from bilaterally symmetrical animals (Bilateria) ranging from flies to whales. A rigorously vetted sample set containing 265 specimens from 64 species was assembled. Bacterial lineages were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Previously published samples were also compared, allowing analysis of over 1,098 samples in total. A restricted number of bacterial phyla was found to account for the great majority of gut colonists. Gut microbial composition was associated with host phylogeny and diet. We identified numerous gut bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences that diverged deeply from previously studied taxa, identifying opportunities to discover new bacterial types. The number of bacterial lineages per gut sample was positively associated with animal mass, paralleling known species-area relationships from island biogeography and implicating body size as a determinant of community stability and niche complexity. Samples from larger animals harbored greater numbers of anaerobic communities, specifying a mechanism for generating more-complex microbial environments. Predictions for species/abundance relationships from models of neutral colonization did not match the data set, pointing to alternative mechanisms such as selection of specific colonists by environmental niche. Taken together, the data suggest that niche complexity increases with gut size and that niche selection forces dominate gut community construction. IMPORTANCE The intestinal microbiome of animals is essential for health, contributing to digestion of foods, proper immune development, inhibition of pathogen colonization, and catabolism of xenobiotic compounds. How these communities assemble and persist is just beginning to be investigated. Here we interrogated a set of gut samples from a wide range of animals to investigate the roles of selection and random processes in microbial community construction. We show that the numbers of bacterial species increased with the weight of host organisms, paralleling findings from studies of island biogeography. Communities in larger organisms tended to be more anaerobic, suggesting one mechanism for niche diversification. Nonselective processes enable specific predictions for community structure, but our samples did not match the predictions of the neutral model. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of niche selection in community construction and suggest mechanisms of niche diversification. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Scott Sherrill-Mix Kevin McCormick Abigail Lauder Aubrey Bailey Laurie Zimmerman Yingying Li Jean-Bosco N. Django Paco Bertolani Christelle Colin John A. Hart Terese B. Hart Alexander V. Georgiev Crickette M. Sanz David B. Morgan Rebeca Atencia Debby Cox Martin N. Muller Volker Sommer Alexander K. Piel Fiona A. Stewart Sheri Speede Joe Roman Gary Wu Josh Taylor Rudolf Bohm Heather M. Rose John Carlson Deus Mjungu Paul Schmidt Celeste Gaughan Joyslin I. Bushman Ella Schmidt Kyle Bittinger Ronald G. Collman Beatrice H. Hahn Frederic D. Bushman |
| author_facet |
Scott Sherrill-Mix Kevin McCormick Abigail Lauder Aubrey Bailey Laurie Zimmerman Yingying Li Jean-Bosco N. Django Paco Bertolani Christelle Colin John A. Hart Terese B. Hart Alexander V. Georgiev Crickette M. Sanz David B. Morgan Rebeca Atencia Debby Cox Martin N. Muller Volker Sommer Alexander K. Piel Fiona A. Stewart Sheri Speede Joe Roman Gary Wu Josh Taylor Rudolf Bohm Heather M. Rose John Carlson Deus Mjungu Paul Schmidt Celeste Gaughan Joyslin I. Bushman Ella Schmidt Kyle Bittinger Ronald G. Collman Beatrice H. Hahn Frederic D. Bushman |
| author_sort |
Scott Sherrill-Mix |
| title |
Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome |
| title_short |
Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome |
| title_full |
Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome |
| title_fullStr |
Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome |
| title_sort |
allometry and ecology of the bilaterian gut microbiome |
| publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/8ce2e460419144ca8074efe69634a3ee |
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