Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system

Abstract This paper theorizes the existence of a constant optimum ultrasound process time for any size-reduction operation, independent of process parameters, and dependent on product parameters. We test the concept using the case of ‘ultrasonic preparation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions’ as model sy...

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Autores principales:	Anubhav Pratap-Singh, Yigong Guo, Sofia Lara Ochoa, Farahnaz Fathordoobady, Anika Singh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8cfeb8bcf657450a8d002f046acc3068
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8cfeb8bcf657450a8d002f046acc30682021-12-02T17:39:18ZOptimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system10.1038/s41598-021-87642-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8cfeb8bcf657450a8d002f046acc30682021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87642-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This paper theorizes the existence of a constant optimum ultrasound process time for any size-reduction operation, independent of process parameters, and dependent on product parameters. We test the concept using the case of ‘ultrasonic preparation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions’ as model system. The system parameters during ultrasonication of a hempseed oil nanoemulsion was evaluated by a response surface methodology, comprising lecithin and poloxamer-188 as surfactants. Results revealed that the particle size and emulsion stability was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by all product parameters (content of hempseed oil-oil phase, lecithin and polaxamer-surfactants); but was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by process parameter (‘ultrasonication process time’). Next, other process parameters (emulsion volume and ultrasonic amplitude) were tested using kinetic experiments. Magnitude of particle size reduction decreased with increasing ‘ultrasonication process time’ according to a first order relationship, until a minimum particle size was reached; beyond which ultrasonication no longer resulted in detectable decrease in particle size. It was found that the optimal ultrasonication process time (defined as time taken to achieve 99% of the ‘maximum possible size reduction’) was 10 min, and was roughly constant regardless of the process parameters (sample volume and ultrasonic amplitude). Finally, the existence of this constant optimal ultrasonication process time was proven for another emulsion system (olive oil and tween 80). Based on the results of these case studies, it could be theorized that a constant optimum ultrasonication process time exists for the ultrasonication-based size-reduction processes, dependent only on product parameters.Anubhav Pratap-SinghYigong GuoSofia Lara OchoaFarahnaz FathordoobadyAnika SinghNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Anubhav Pratap-Singh Yigong Guo Sofia Lara Ochoa Farahnaz Fathordoobady Anika Singh Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system
description	Abstract This paper theorizes the existence of a constant optimum ultrasound process time for any size-reduction operation, independent of process parameters, and dependent on product parameters. We test the concept using the case of ‘ultrasonic preparation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions’ as model system. The system parameters during ultrasonication of a hempseed oil nanoemulsion was evaluated by a response surface methodology, comprising lecithin and poloxamer-188 as surfactants. Results revealed that the particle size and emulsion stability was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by all product parameters (content of hempseed oil-oil phase, lecithin and polaxamer-surfactants); but was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by process parameter (‘ultrasonication process time’). Next, other process parameters (emulsion volume and ultrasonic amplitude) were tested using kinetic experiments. Magnitude of particle size reduction decreased with increasing ‘ultrasonication process time’ according to a first order relationship, until a minimum particle size was reached; beyond which ultrasonication no longer resulted in detectable decrease in particle size. It was found that the optimal ultrasonication process time (defined as time taken to achieve 99% of the ‘maximum possible size reduction’) was 10 min, and was roughly constant regardless of the process parameters (sample volume and ultrasonic amplitude). Finally, the existence of this constant optimal ultrasonication process time was proven for another emulsion system (olive oil and tween 80). Based on the results of these case studies, it could be theorized that a constant optimum ultrasonication process time exists for the ultrasonication-based size-reduction processes, dependent only on product parameters.
format	article
author	Anubhav Pratap-Singh Yigong Guo Sofia Lara Ochoa Farahnaz Fathordoobady Anika Singh
author_facet	Anubhav Pratap-Singh Yigong Guo Sofia Lara Ochoa Farahnaz Fathordoobady Anika Singh
author_sort	Anubhav Pratap-Singh
title	Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system
title_short	Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system
title_full	Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system
title_fullStr	Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system
title_full_unstemmed	Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system
title_sort	optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8cfeb8bcf657450a8d002f046acc3068
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Optimal ultrasonication process time remains constant for a specific nanoemulsion size reduction system

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