Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers

Atsuko Kawai,1,2 Masatake Kurita,1,3,4 Satoshi Nishino,3,4 Eishin Hirata,5 Tadahiro Sato,5 Yoshiro Okubo1 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, 2Total Health Clinic, Nanyo, 3Natori Station Front Clinic, Natori, 4Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Sty...

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Autores principales:	Kawai A, Kurita M, Nishino S, Hirata E, Sato T, Okubo Y
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dopamine nicotine noradrenaline tobacco withdrawal symptoms Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8d104a4388ab4294ae919402a7ec659f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8d104a4388ab4294ae919402a7ec659f2021-12-02T05:44:34ZNeed for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/8d104a4388ab4294ae919402a7ec659f2017-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/need-for-medication-to-complement-catecholamines-in-smoking-cessation--peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Atsuko Kawai,1,2 Masatake Kurita,1,3,4 Satoshi Nishino,3,4 Eishin Hirata,5 Tadahiro Sato,5 Yoshiro Okubo1 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, 2Total Health Clinic, Nanyo, 3Natori Station Front Clinic, Natori, 4Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 5Sato Hospital, Nanyo, Japan Abstract: Many smokers find it difficult to stop smoking without assistance. The antidepressants bupropion and nortriptyline can aid smoking cessation. The main aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiology of smoking cessation better based on biological backgrounds. We investigated the following biological markers for any alterations during smoking cessation in the absence of pharmacotherapy: the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Assessment and blood sampling were performed at a baseline (the start) time point and at a critical time point during smoking cessation. Seven of 30 smokers quit during a 16-week follow-up period; these smokers were defined as remission group from tobacco dependence. The remaining 23 smokers were categorized as hardcore smokers. The smoking group was compared with 23 non-smokers matched for age and gender. We compared blood levels of biological markers in each of the three groups. The hardcore smoker group showed significant decreases in HVA and MHPG levels between baseline and the critical time point (p=0.018 and p=0.033, respectively). However, the remission from tobacco dependence group exhibited no significant changes in any of the biomarkers examined. They had lower scores on the Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale than the hardcore smoker group (p=0.002). The hardcore smoker group had higher MHPG and BDNF levels than the non-smoker group (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Hardcore smokers experience severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with catecholamine deficiency. The resulting withdrawal symptoms make quitting difficult for hardcore smokers. These hardcore smokers may require medication to compensate for the catecholamine deficit. Non-nicotinic medications such as bupropion, nortriptyline, or varenicline may be required to bolster the catecholamine deficit in hardcore smokers. Keywords: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine, nicotine, noradrenaline, tobacco, withdrawal symptomsKawai AKurita MNishino SHirata ESato TOkubo YDove Medical Pressarticlebrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)dopaminenicotinenoradrenalinetobaccowithdrawal symptomsNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 13, Pp 2419-2424 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dopamine nicotine noradrenaline tobacco withdrawal symptoms Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dopamine nicotine noradrenaline tobacco withdrawal symptoms Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Kawai A Kurita M Nishino S Hirata E Sato T Okubo Y Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers
description	Atsuko Kawai,1,2 Masatake Kurita,1,3,4 Satoshi Nishino,3,4 Eishin Hirata,5 Tadahiro Sato,5 Yoshiro Okubo1 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, 2Total Health Clinic, Nanyo, 3Natori Station Front Clinic, Natori, 4Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 5Sato Hospital, Nanyo, Japan Abstract: Many smokers find it difficult to stop smoking without assistance. The antidepressants bupropion and nortriptyline can aid smoking cessation. The main aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiology of smoking cessation better based on biological backgrounds. We investigated the following biological markers for any alterations during smoking cessation in the absence of pharmacotherapy: the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Assessment and blood sampling were performed at a baseline (the start) time point and at a critical time point during smoking cessation. Seven of 30 smokers quit during a 16-week follow-up period; these smokers were defined as remission group from tobacco dependence. The remaining 23 smokers were categorized as hardcore smokers. The smoking group was compared with 23 non-smokers matched for age and gender. We compared blood levels of biological markers in each of the three groups. The hardcore smoker group showed significant decreases in HVA and MHPG levels between baseline and the critical time point (p=0.018 and p=0.033, respectively). However, the remission from tobacco dependence group exhibited no significant changes in any of the biomarkers examined. They had lower scores on the Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale than the hardcore smoker group (p=0.002). The hardcore smoker group had higher MHPG and BDNF levels than the non-smoker group (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Hardcore smokers experience severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with catecholamine deficiency. The resulting withdrawal symptoms make quitting difficult for hardcore smokers. These hardcore smokers may require medication to compensate for the catecholamine deficit. Non-nicotinic medications such as bupropion, nortriptyline, or varenicline may be required to bolster the catecholamine deficit in hardcore smokers. Keywords: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine, nicotine, noradrenaline, tobacco, withdrawal symptoms
format	article
author	Kawai A Kurita M Nishino S Hirata E Sato T Okubo Y
author_facet	Kawai A Kurita M Nishino S Hirata E Sato T Okubo Y
author_sort	Kawai A
title	Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers
title_short	Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers
title_full	Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers
title_fullStr	Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers
title_full_unstemmed	Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers
title_sort	need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/8d104a4388ab4294ae919402a7ec659f
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_version_	1718400243506085888

Need for medication to complement catecholamines in smoking cessation of hardcore smokers

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