Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global event that has been challenging governments, health systems, and communities worldwide. Available data from the first months indicated varying patterns of the spread of COVID-19 within American cities, when the spread...

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Autores principales:	Fernando T. Lima, Nathan C. Brown, José P. Duarte
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 COVID-19 spread walkability population density population size Science Q Astrophysics QB460-466 Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8d1398a515c04382aea9ca80ca38d91d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8d1398a515c04382aea9ca80ca38d91d2021-11-25T17:30:24ZUnderstanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States10.3390/e231115121099-4300https://doaj.org/article/8d1398a515c04382aea9ca80ca38d91d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1512https://doaj.org/toc/1099-4300The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global event that has been challenging governments, health systems, and communities worldwide. Available data from the first months indicated varying patterns of the spread of COVID-19 within American cities, when the spread was faster in high-density and walkable cities such as New York than in low-density and car-oriented cities such as Los Angeles. Subsequent containment efforts, underlying population characteristics, variants, and other factors likely affected the spread significantly. However, this work investigates the hypothesis that urban configuration and associated spatial use patterns directly impact how the disease spreads and infects a population. It follows work that has shown how the spatial configuration of urban spaces impacts the social behavior of people moving through those spaces. It addresses the first 60 days of contagion (before containment measures were widely adopted and had time to affect spread) in 93 urban counties in the United States, considering population size, population density, walkability, here evaluated through walkscore, an indicator that measures the density of amenities, and, therefore, opportunities for population mixing, and the number of confirmed cases and deaths. Our findings indicate correlations between walkability, population density, and COVID-19 spreading patterns but no clear correlation between population size and the number of cases or deaths per 100 k habitants. Although virus spread beyond these initial cases may provide additional data for analysis, this study is an initial step in understanding the relationship between COVID-19 and urban configuration.Fernando T. LimaNathan C. BrownJosé P. DuarteMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19COVID-19 spreadwalkabilitypopulation densitypopulation sizeScienceQAstrophysicsQB460-466PhysicsQC1-999ENEntropy, Vol 23, Iss 1512, p 1512 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 COVID-19 spread walkability population density population size Science Q Astrophysics QB460-466 Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	COVID-19 COVID-19 spread walkability population density population size Science Q Astrophysics QB460-466 Physics QC1-999 Fernando T. Lima Nathan C. Brown José P. Duarte Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States
description	The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global event that has been challenging governments, health systems, and communities worldwide. Available data from the first months indicated varying patterns of the spread of COVID-19 within American cities, when the spread was faster in high-density and walkable cities such as New York than in low-density and car-oriented cities such as Los Angeles. Subsequent containment efforts, underlying population characteristics, variants, and other factors likely affected the spread significantly. However, this work investigates the hypothesis that urban configuration and associated spatial use patterns directly impact how the disease spreads and infects a population. It follows work that has shown how the spatial configuration of urban spaces impacts the social behavior of people moving through those spaces. It addresses the first 60 days of contagion (before containment measures were widely adopted and had time to affect spread) in 93 urban counties in the United States, considering population size, population density, walkability, here evaluated through walkscore, an indicator that measures the density of amenities, and, therefore, opportunities for population mixing, and the number of confirmed cases and deaths. Our findings indicate correlations between walkability, population density, and COVID-19 spreading patterns but no clear correlation between population size and the number of cases or deaths per 100 k habitants. Although virus spread beyond these initial cases may provide additional data for analysis, this study is an initial step in understanding the relationship between COVID-19 and urban configuration.
format	article
author	Fernando T. Lima Nathan C. Brown José P. Duarte
author_facet	Fernando T. Lima Nathan C. Brown José P. Duarte
author_sort	Fernando T. Lima
title	Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States
title_short	Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States
title_full	Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States
title_fullStr	Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States
title_full_unstemmed	Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States
title_sort	understanding the impact of walkability, population density, and population size on covid-19 spread: a pilot study of the early contagion in the united states
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8d1398a515c04382aea9ca80ca38d91d
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Understanding the Impact of Walkability, Population Density, and Population Size on COVID-19 Spread: A Pilot Study of the Early Contagion in the United States

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