Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) since its outbreak, but little attention has been paid to person-level vulnerability and protective factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of both general and pandemic-related psychological distress among...

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Autores principales:	Loredana Cena, Matteo Rota, Stefano Calza, Jessica Janos, Alice Trainini, Alberto Stefana
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 pandemic psychological distress burnout healthcare workers personality traits Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8d23e4ff239c48948d985e8d0bdeccf9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8d23e4ff239c48948d985e8d0bdeccf92021-11-25T17:48:51ZPsychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors10.3390/ijerph1822118431660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/8d23e4ff239c48948d985e8d0bdeccf92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11843https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) since its outbreak, but little attention has been paid to person-level vulnerability and protective factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of both general and pandemic-related psychological distress among HCWs between the first and second COVID-19 waves in Italy and analyze associations between psychological distress and personality traits, attachment style, and metacognitive functioning. Between June and October 2020, 235 Italian HCWs completed questionnaires concerning psychological stress, personality traits, attachment style, and metacognitive functioning; 26.5% of respondents presented with moderate to extremely severe levels of general psychological distress and 13.8% with moderate to extremely severe levels of pandemic-related psychological distress. After controlling for demographic and occupational variables, significant associations emerged among high emotional stability as a personality trait and both general (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41–0.79) and pandemic-related psychological stress (aOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41–0.90). Additionally, higher scores regarding one’s ability to understand others’ emotional states were associated with lower odds of developing psychological distress (aOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.93). Lastly, when comparing those with fearful attachment styles to those with secure attachments, the aOR for psychological distress was 4.73 (95% CI: 1.45–17.04). These results highlight the importance of conducting baseline assessments of HCWs’ person-level factors and providing regular screenings of psychological distress.Loredana CenaMatteo RotaStefano CalzaJessica JanosAlice TraininiAlberto StefanaMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19pandemicpsychological distressburnouthealthcare workerspersonality traitsMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11843, p 11843 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 pandemic psychological distress burnout healthcare workers personality traits Medicine R
spellingShingle	COVID-19 pandemic psychological distress burnout healthcare workers personality traits Medicine R Loredana Cena Matteo Rota Stefano Calza Jessica Janos Alice Trainini Alberto Stefana Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors
description	The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) since its outbreak, but little attention has been paid to person-level vulnerability and protective factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of both general and pandemic-related psychological distress among HCWs between the first and second COVID-19 waves in Italy and analyze associations between psychological distress and personality traits, attachment style, and metacognitive functioning. Between June and October 2020, 235 Italian HCWs completed questionnaires concerning psychological stress, personality traits, attachment style, and metacognitive functioning; 26.5% of respondents presented with moderate to extremely severe levels of general psychological distress and 13.8% with moderate to extremely severe levels of pandemic-related psychological distress. After controlling for demographic and occupational variables, significant associations emerged among high emotional stability as a personality trait and both general (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41–0.79) and pandemic-related psychological stress (aOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41–0.90). Additionally, higher scores regarding one’s ability to understand others’ emotional states were associated with lower odds of developing psychological distress (aOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.93). Lastly, when comparing those with fearful attachment styles to those with secure attachments, the aOR for psychological distress was 4.73 (95% CI: 1.45–17.04). These results highlight the importance of conducting baseline assessments of HCWs’ person-level factors and providing regular screenings of psychological distress.
format	article
author	Loredana Cena Matteo Rota Stefano Calza Jessica Janos Alice Trainini Alberto Stefana
author_facet	Loredana Cena Matteo Rota Stefano Calza Jessica Janos Alice Trainini Alberto Stefana
author_sort	Loredana Cena
title	Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors
title_short	Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors
title_full	Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors
title_fullStr	Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors
title_full_unstemmed	Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors
title_sort	psychological distress in healthcare workers between the first and second covid-19 waves: the role of personality traits, attachment style, and metacognitive functioning as protective and vulnerability factors
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8d23e4ff239c48948d985e8d0bdeccf9
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Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors

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