Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design

Abstract This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of metamaterial application in absorption reduction of 5G electromagnetic (EM) energy in the human head tissue. In a general sense, the radio frequency (RF) energy that received by wireless mobile phone from the base station, will emit to surro...

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Autores principales:	Tayaallen Ramachandran, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Air Mohammad Siddiky, Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8d2901119e8a42d4b06444113f76ae3c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8d2901119e8a42d4b06444113f76ae3c2021-12-02T14:16:42ZReduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design10.1038/s41598-021-82105-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8d2901119e8a42d4b06444113f76ae3c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82105-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of metamaterial application in absorption reduction of 5G electromagnetic (EM) energy in the human head tissue. In a general sense, the radio frequency (RF) energy that received by wireless mobile phone from the base station, will emit to surrounding when the devices are in active mode. Since the latest fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks is upon us, the emission of radiation from any wireless devices needs to be taken into consideration. This motivation helps to prepare this paper that focuses on construction of novel and compact square-shaped metamaterial (SM) design to reduce electromagnetic exposure to humans. The commercially available substrate material known as FR-4 with thickness of 1.6 mm was selected to place the metamaterial design on it. The electromagnetic properties and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses were carried out numerically by utilising high-performance 3D EM analysis, Computer Simulation Technology Studio (CST) software. Meanwhile, for the validation purpose, the metamaterial designs for both unit and array cells were fabricated to measure the electromagnetic properties of the material. From the numerical simulation, the introduced SM design manifested quadruple resonance frequencies in multi bands precisely at 1.246 (at L-band), 3.052, 3.794 (at S-band), and 4.858 (C-band) GHz. However, the comparison of numerically simulated and measured data reveals a slight difference between them where only the second resonance frequency was decreased by 0.009 GHz while other frequencies were increased by 0.002, 0.045, and 0.117 GHz in sequential order. Moreover, the SAR analysis recorded high values at 3.794 GHz with 61.16% and 70.33% for 1 g and 10 g of tissue volumes, respectively. Overall, our results demonstrate strong SAR reduction effects, and the proposed SM design may be considered a promising aspect in the telecommunication field.Tayaallen RamachandranMohammad Rashed Iqbal FaruqueAir Mohammad SiddikyMohammad Tariqul IslamNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tayaallen Ramachandran Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque Air Mohammad Siddiky Mohammad Tariqul Islam Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design
description	Abstract This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of metamaterial application in absorption reduction of 5G electromagnetic (EM) energy in the human head tissue. In a general sense, the radio frequency (RF) energy that received by wireless mobile phone from the base station, will emit to surrounding when the devices are in active mode. Since the latest fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks is upon us, the emission of radiation from any wireless devices needs to be taken into consideration. This motivation helps to prepare this paper that focuses on construction of novel and compact square-shaped metamaterial (SM) design to reduce electromagnetic exposure to humans. The commercially available substrate material known as FR-4 with thickness of 1.6 mm was selected to place the metamaterial design on it. The electromagnetic properties and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses were carried out numerically by utilising high-performance 3D EM analysis, Computer Simulation Technology Studio (CST) software. Meanwhile, for the validation purpose, the metamaterial designs for both unit and array cells were fabricated to measure the electromagnetic properties of the material. From the numerical simulation, the introduced SM design manifested quadruple resonance frequencies in multi bands precisely at 1.246 (at L-band), 3.052, 3.794 (at S-band), and 4.858 (C-band) GHz. However, the comparison of numerically simulated and measured data reveals a slight difference between them where only the second resonance frequency was decreased by 0.009 GHz while other frequencies were increased by 0.002, 0.045, and 0.117 GHz in sequential order. Moreover, the SAR analysis recorded high values at 3.794 GHz with 61.16% and 70.33% for 1 g and 10 g of tissue volumes, respectively. Overall, our results demonstrate strong SAR reduction effects, and the proposed SM design may be considered a promising aspect in the telecommunication field.
format	article
author	Tayaallen Ramachandran Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque Air Mohammad Siddiky Mohammad Tariqul Islam
author_facet	Tayaallen Ramachandran Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque Air Mohammad Siddiky Mohammad Tariqul Islam
author_sort	Tayaallen Ramachandran
title	Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design
title_short	Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design
title_full	Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design
title_fullStr	Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design
title_full_unstemmed	Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design
title_sort	reduction of 5g cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8d2901119e8a42d4b06444113f76ae3c
work_keys_str_mv	AT tayaallenramachandran reductionof5gcellularnetworkradiationinwirelessmobilephoneusinganasymmetricsquareshapedpassivemetamaterialdesign AT mohammadrashediqbalfaruque reductionof5gcellularnetworkradiationinwirelessmobilephoneusinganasymmetricsquareshapedpassivemetamaterialdesign AT airmohammadsiddiky reductionof5gcellularnetworkradiationinwirelessmobilephoneusinganasymmetricsquareshapedpassivemetamaterialdesign AT mohammadtariqulislam reductionof5gcellularnetworkradiationinwirelessmobilephoneusinganasymmetricsquareshapedpassivemetamaterialdesign
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Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design

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