High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders

Olfactory and taste disorders (OTD) are commonly found as presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with clinically mild COVID-19. Virus-specific T cells are thought to play an important role in the clearance of SARS-CoV-2; therefore the study of T cell specific immune responses in pat...

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Autores principales:	Dalila Mele, Anna Calastri, Eugenia Maiorano, Antonella Cerino, Michele Sachs, Barbara Oliviero, Stefania Mantovani, Fausto Baldanti, Raffaele Bruno, Marco Benazzo, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Mario U. Mondelli, Stefania Varchetta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	SARS- CoV-2 IFN gamma virus specific T cells anosmia COVID - 19 CD4 and CD8 Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8d4733c0bb5e44b0bde885d6304e42ca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8d4733c0bb5e44b0bde885d6304e42ca2021-11-10T07:53:24ZHigh Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.748881https://doaj.org/article/8d4733c0bb5e44b0bde885d6304e42ca2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.748881/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Olfactory and taste disorders (OTD) are commonly found as presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with clinically mild COVID-19. Virus-specific T cells are thought to play an important role in the clearance of SARS-CoV-2; therefore the study of T cell specific immune responses in patients with mild symptoms may help to understand their possible role in protection from severe disease. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses to four different peptide megapools covering all SARS-CoV-2 proteins during the acute phase of the disease in 33 individuals with mild or no other symptom beside OTD and in 22 age-matched patients with severe infection. A control group of 15 outpatients with OTD and consistently negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA swabs and virus-specific IgG serology was included in the study. Increased frequencies of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with OTD compared with those with severe COVID-19 and with SARS-CoV-2 negative OTD individuals. Moreover, enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation induced by SARS-CoV-2 peptides was associated with higher interferon (IFN)γ production. Increased frequencies of Spike (S1/S2)-specific CD4+ T cells showing enhanced IFNγ secretion and granzyme B content were associated with serum spike-specific IgG in the OTD group. In conclusion, patients with SARS-CoV-2 induced OTD develop highly functional virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the symptomatic phase of the disease, suggesting that robust and coordinated T-cell responses provide protection against extension of COVID-19 to the lower respiratory tract.Dalila MeleAnna CalastriEugenia MaioranoAntonella CerinoMichele SachsMichele SachsBarbara OlivieroStefania MantovaniFausto BaldantiFausto BaldantiRaffaele BrunoRaffaele BrunoMarco BenazzoMarco BenazzoAlba GrifoniAlessandro SetteAlessandro SetteMario U. MondelliMario U. MondelliStefania VarchettaFrontiers Media S.A.articleSARS- CoV-2IFN gammavirus specific T cellsanosmiaCOVID - 19CD4 and CD8Immunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SARS- CoV-2 IFN gamma virus specific T cells anosmia COVID - 19 CD4 and CD8 Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	SARS- CoV-2 IFN gamma virus specific T cells anosmia COVID - 19 CD4 and CD8 Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Dalila Mele Anna Calastri Eugenia Maiorano Antonella Cerino Michele Sachs Michele Sachs Barbara Oliviero Stefania Mantovani Fausto Baldanti Fausto Baldanti Raffaele Bruno Raffaele Bruno Marco Benazzo Marco Benazzo Alba Grifoni Alessandro Sette Alessandro Sette Mario U. Mondelli Mario U. Mondelli Stefania Varchetta High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders
description	Olfactory and taste disorders (OTD) are commonly found as presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with clinically mild COVID-19. Virus-specific T cells are thought to play an important role in the clearance of SARS-CoV-2; therefore the study of T cell specific immune responses in patients with mild symptoms may help to understand their possible role in protection from severe disease. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses to four different peptide megapools covering all SARS-CoV-2 proteins during the acute phase of the disease in 33 individuals with mild or no other symptom beside OTD and in 22 age-matched patients with severe infection. A control group of 15 outpatients with OTD and consistently negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA swabs and virus-specific IgG serology was included in the study. Increased frequencies of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with OTD compared with those with severe COVID-19 and with SARS-CoV-2 negative OTD individuals. Moreover, enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation induced by SARS-CoV-2 peptides was associated with higher interferon (IFN)γ production. Increased frequencies of Spike (S1/S2)-specific CD4+ T cells showing enhanced IFNγ secretion and granzyme B content were associated with serum spike-specific IgG in the OTD group. In conclusion, patients with SARS-CoV-2 induced OTD develop highly functional virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the symptomatic phase of the disease, suggesting that robust and coordinated T-cell responses provide protection against extension of COVID-19 to the lower respiratory tract.
format	article
author	Dalila Mele Anna Calastri Eugenia Maiorano Antonella Cerino Michele Sachs Michele Sachs Barbara Oliviero Stefania Mantovani Fausto Baldanti Fausto Baldanti Raffaele Bruno Raffaele Bruno Marco Benazzo Marco Benazzo Alba Grifoni Alessandro Sette Alessandro Sette Mario U. Mondelli Mario U. Mondelli Stefania Varchetta
author_facet	Dalila Mele Anna Calastri Eugenia Maiorano Antonella Cerino Michele Sachs Michele Sachs Barbara Oliviero Stefania Mantovani Fausto Baldanti Fausto Baldanti Raffaele Bruno Raffaele Bruno Marco Benazzo Marco Benazzo Alba Grifoni Alessandro Sette Alessandro Sette Mario U. Mondelli Mario U. Mondelli Stefania Varchetta
author_sort	Dalila Mele
title	High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders
title_short	High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders
title_full	High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders
title_fullStr	High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders
title_full_unstemmed	High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders
title_sort	high frequencies of functional virus-specific cd4+ t cells in sars-cov-2 subjects with olfactory and taste disorders
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8d4733c0bb5e44b0bde885d6304e42ca
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High Frequencies of Functional Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Subjects With Olfactory and Taste Disorders

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