Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation

Many bone fragments have been burned in controlled laboratory conditions but few have been burned on outdoor pyres. In order to study and understand cremated bone, it is crucial to conduct experiments in real environmental conditions. In this study several cremations were carried out outdoors using...

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Autores principales:	C. Snoeck, R.J. Schulting
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	EXARC 2013
Materias:	bone cremation experiment fire palaeolithic mesolithic neolithic chalcolithic bronze age iron age roman era viking age early middle ages late middle ages united kingdom Museums. Collectors and collecting AM1-501 Archaeology CC1-960
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8d8d974bd42a4378b0e40c398dff9eff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8d8d974bd42a4378b0e40c398dff9eff2021-12-01T14:42:31ZFire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation2212-8956https://doaj.org/article/8d8d974bd42a4378b0e40c398dff9eff2013-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10111https://doaj.org/toc/2212-8956Many bone fragments have been burned in controlled laboratory conditions but few have been burned on outdoor pyres. In order to study and understand cremated bone, it is crucial to conduct experiments in real environmental conditions. In this study several cremations were carried out outdoors using ‘old’ fuels. Different animal bones and fleshed joints were burned, including lamb, pig, cow, chicken and fish. Experiments show that very high temperatures (above 900ºC) can be achieved in outdoor conditions but that it is difficult to reach full calcination of bone on small pyres: some parts are white (calcined) while others remain black (charred). Results indicate that, as expected, bone structure changes drastically after cremation, and, more importantly, that bone exchanges large amounts of carbon with its surrounding environment: after burning with manufactured coal, a modern lamb bone was radiocarbon dated to an age of 4,000 years.C. SnoeckR.J. SchultingEXARCarticlebonecremationexperimentfirepalaeolithicmesolithicneolithicchalcolithicbronze ageiron ageroman eraviking ageearly middle ageslate middle agesunited kingdomMuseums. Collectors and collectingAM1-501ArchaeologyCC1-960ENEXARC Journal, Iss 2013/2 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bone cremation experiment fire palaeolithic mesolithic neolithic chalcolithic bronze age iron age roman era viking age early middle ages late middle ages united kingdom Museums. Collectors and collecting AM1-501 Archaeology CC1-960
spellingShingle	bone cremation experiment fire palaeolithic mesolithic neolithic chalcolithic bronze age iron age roman era viking age early middle ages late middle ages united kingdom Museums. Collectors and collecting AM1-501 Archaeology CC1-960 C. Snoeck R.J. Schulting Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation
description	Many bone fragments have been burned in controlled laboratory conditions but few have been burned on outdoor pyres. In order to study and understand cremated bone, it is crucial to conduct experiments in real environmental conditions. In this study several cremations were carried out outdoors using ‘old’ fuels. Different animal bones and fleshed joints were burned, including lamb, pig, cow, chicken and fish. Experiments show that very high temperatures (above 900ºC) can be achieved in outdoor conditions but that it is difficult to reach full calcination of bone on small pyres: some parts are white (calcined) while others remain black (charred). Results indicate that, as expected, bone structure changes drastically after cremation, and, more importantly, that bone exchanges large amounts of carbon with its surrounding environment: after burning with manufactured coal, a modern lamb bone was radiocarbon dated to an age of 4,000 years.
format	article
author	C. Snoeck R.J. Schulting
author_facet	C. Snoeck R.J. Schulting
author_sort	C. Snoeck
title	Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation
title_short	Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation
title_full	Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation
title_fullStr	Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation
title_full_unstemmed	Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation
title_sort	fire and bone: an experimental study of cremation
publisher	EXARC
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/8d8d974bd42a4378b0e40c398dff9eff
work_keys_str_mv	AT csnoeck fireandboneanexperimentalstudyofcremation AT rjschulting fireandboneanexperimentalstudyofcremation
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Fire and Bone: An Experimental Study of Cremation

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