Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria

Understanding the impact of changes in climatic variables on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is important for predicting possible implications of climate change on the overall hydrology of an area. This study aimed to determine the effects of changes in ETo with respect to changes in climatic var...

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Autores principales:	Ndulue Emeka, Onyekwelu Ikenna, Michael Okechukwu, Anyadike Chinenye, Echiegu Emmanuel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	climate change evapotranspiration nigeria sensitivity analysis sensitivity coefficient tropics Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8daacd4885774037854323bf1620914d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8daacd4885774037854323bf1620914d2021-11-05T18:48:20ZSensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria2040-22442408-935410.2166/wcc.2020.200https://doaj.org/article/8daacd4885774037854323bf1620914d2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/12/3/858https://doaj.org/toc/2040-2244https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9354Understanding the impact of changes in climatic variables on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is important for predicting possible implications of climate change on the overall hydrology of an area. This study aimed to determine the effects of changes in ETo with respect to changes in climatic variables. In addition, the specific objective was to determine the sensitivity coefficients of ETo in seven different locations in Nigeria with distinct agroecology, namely Maiduguri (Sahel savannah), Sokoto (Sudan savannah), Kaduna (Guinea savannah), Jos (Montane), Enugu (Derived Savannah), Ibadan (tropical rainforest), and Port Harcourt (coastal). The results showed that ETo is most sensitive to changes in maximum temperature (Tmax) in Maiduguri, Sokoto, Kaduna, and Jos. In Enugu and Ibadan, ETo is most sensitive to changes in solar radiation (Rs), while in Port Harcourt, ETo is most sensitive to relative humidity (RH). Overall, based on the average annual sensitivity coefficients (SCs) of the study area, the SC is ranked in the order: RH > Rs > Tmax > U2 > Tmin. Also, the results showed positive SCs of ETo to Rs, Tmax, U2, Tmin, and negative SC for RH. This study can serve as a baseline for sustainable water management in the context of climate change and adapted to areas with a similar climate. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, the influence of climatic variables on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was evaluated under different agro-ecological zones in Nigeria.; For all locations in northern Nigeria, ETo is most and least sensitive to maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin), respectively, while in southern Nigeria, ETo is sensitive to solar radiation (Rs) and relative humidity (RH) and least sensitive to wind speed (U2).; During the growing season, ETo is most sensitive to RH and Rs across all study locations.; Across all agro-ecological zones, Rs, Tmax, Tmin, and U2 had positive sensitivity coefficients (SCs), while RH had a negative SC.; This study can serve as a baseline for sustainable water management in the context of climate change and adapted to areas with a similar climate.;Ndulue EmekaOnyekwelu IkennaMichael OkechukwuAnyadike ChinenyeEchiegu EmmanuelIWA Publishingarticleclimate changeevapotranspirationnigeriasensitivity analysissensitivity coefficienttropicsEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENJournal of Water and Climate Change, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 858-878 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change evapotranspiration nigeria sensitivity analysis sensitivity coefficient tropics Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	climate change evapotranspiration nigeria sensitivity analysis sensitivity coefficient tropics Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ndulue Emeka Onyekwelu Ikenna Michael Okechukwu Anyadike Chinenye Echiegu Emmanuel Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria
description	Understanding the impact of changes in climatic variables on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is important for predicting possible implications of climate change on the overall hydrology of an area. This study aimed to determine the effects of changes in ETo with respect to changes in climatic variables. In addition, the specific objective was to determine the sensitivity coefficients of ETo in seven different locations in Nigeria with distinct agroecology, namely Maiduguri (Sahel savannah), Sokoto (Sudan savannah), Kaduna (Guinea savannah), Jos (Montane), Enugu (Derived Savannah), Ibadan (tropical rainforest), and Port Harcourt (coastal). The results showed that ETo is most sensitive to changes in maximum temperature (Tmax) in Maiduguri, Sokoto, Kaduna, and Jos. In Enugu and Ibadan, ETo is most sensitive to changes in solar radiation (Rs), while in Port Harcourt, ETo is most sensitive to relative humidity (RH). Overall, based on the average annual sensitivity coefficients (SCs) of the study area, the SC is ranked in the order: RH > Rs > Tmax > U2 > Tmin. Also, the results showed positive SCs of ETo to Rs, Tmax, U2, Tmin, and negative SC for RH. This study can serve as a baseline for sustainable water management in the context of climate change and adapted to areas with a similar climate. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, the influence of climatic variables on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was evaluated under different agro-ecological zones in Nigeria.; For all locations in northern Nigeria, ETo is most and least sensitive to maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin), respectively, while in southern Nigeria, ETo is sensitive to solar radiation (Rs) and relative humidity (RH) and least sensitive to wind speed (U2).; During the growing season, ETo is most sensitive to RH and Rs across all study locations.; Across all agro-ecological zones, Rs, Tmax, Tmin, and U2 had positive sensitivity coefficients (SCs), while RH had a negative SC.; This study can serve as a baseline for sustainable water management in the context of climate change and adapted to areas with a similar climate.;
format	article
author	Ndulue Emeka Onyekwelu Ikenna Michael Okechukwu Anyadike Chinenye Echiegu Emmanuel
author_facet	Ndulue Emeka Onyekwelu Ikenna Michael Okechukwu Anyadike Chinenye Echiegu Emmanuel
author_sort	Ndulue Emeka
title	Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria
title_short	Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria
title_full	Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria
title_fullStr	Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed	Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria
title_sort	sensitivity of fao penman–monteith reference evapotranspiration (eto) to climatic variables under different climate types in nigeria
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8daacd4885774037854323bf1620914d
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Sensitivity of FAO Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to climatic variables under different climate types in Nigeria

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