Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination

Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in t...

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Autores principales:	Jayamini Jayawardhane, M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe, Natalia V. Bykova, Abir U. Igamberdiev
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Oryza sativa</i> <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> hypoxia tolerance nitric oxide imbibition reactive oxygen species Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8db360da16d2400a84aa5631a239074c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8db360da16d2400a84aa5631a239074c2021-11-25T18:46:44ZMetabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination10.3390/plants101124562223-7747https://doaj.org/article/8db360da16d2400a84aa5631a239074c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2456https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), activities of the enzymes involved in their scavenging, and measured cell damage parameters. The results show that alcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher in rice than in barley embryos providing efficient anaerobic fermentation. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were also higher in rice embryos indicating higher NO turnover. Both fermentation and NO turnover can explain higher ATP/ADP ratio values in rice embryos as compared to barley. Rice embryos were characterized by higher activity of <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione reductase than in barley and a higher level of free thiols in proteins. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) in imbibed embryos were higher in rice than in barley, which corresponded to the reduced levels of ROS, malonic dialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. The observed differences in metabolic changes in embryos of the two cereal species differing in tolerance to hypoxia can partly explain the adaptation of rice to low oxygen environments.Jayamini JayawardhaneM. K. Pabasari S. WijesingheNatalia V. BykovaAbir U. IgamberdievMDPI AGarticle<i>Oryza sativa</i><i>Hordeum vulgare</i>hypoxia tolerancenitric oxideimbibitionreactive oxygen speciesBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2456, p 2456 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Oryza sativa</i> <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> hypoxia tolerance nitric oxide imbibition reactive oxygen species Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	<i>Oryza sativa</i> <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> hypoxia tolerance nitric oxide imbibition reactive oxygen species Botany QK1-989 Jayamini Jayawardhane M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe Natalia V. Bykova Abir U. Igamberdiev Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination
description	Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), activities of the enzymes involved in their scavenging, and measured cell damage parameters. The results show that alcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher in rice than in barley embryos providing efficient anaerobic fermentation. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were also higher in rice embryos indicating higher NO turnover. Both fermentation and NO turnover can explain higher ATP/ADP ratio values in rice embryos as compared to barley. Rice embryos were characterized by higher activity of <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione reductase than in barley and a higher level of free thiols in proteins. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) in imbibed embryos were higher in rice than in barley, which corresponded to the reduced levels of ROS, malonic dialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. The observed differences in metabolic changes in embryos of the two cereal species differing in tolerance to hypoxia can partly explain the adaptation of rice to low oxygen environments.
format	article
author	Jayamini Jayawardhane M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe Natalia V. Bykova Abir U. Igamberdiev
author_facet	Jayamini Jayawardhane M. K. Pabasari S. Wijesinghe Natalia V. Bykova Abir U. Igamberdiev
author_sort	Jayamini Jayawardhane
title	Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination
title_short	Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination
title_full	Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination
title_fullStr	Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination
title_full_unstemmed	Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination
title_sort	metabolic changes in seed embryos of hypoxia-tolerant rice and hypoxia-sensitive barley at the onset of germination
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8db360da16d2400a84aa5631a239074c
work_keys_str_mv	AT jayaminijayawardhane metabolicchangesinseedembryosofhypoxiatolerantriceandhypoxiasensitivebarleyattheonsetofgermination AT mkpabasariswijesinghe metabolicchangesinseedembryosofhypoxiatolerantriceandhypoxiasensitivebarleyattheonsetofgermination AT nataliavbykova metabolicchangesinseedembryosofhypoxiatolerantriceandhypoxiasensitivebarleyattheonsetofgermination AT abiruigamberdiev metabolicchangesinseedembryosofhypoxiatolerantriceandhypoxiasensitivebarleyattheonsetofgermination
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Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination

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