Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism

Abstract Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) seem to have difficulties looking others in the eyes, but the substrate for this behavior is not well understood. The subcortical pathway, which consists of superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, and amygdala, enables rapid and...

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Autores principales:	Nouchine Hadjikhani, Jakob Åsberg Johnels, Nicole R. Zürcher, Amandine Lassalle, Quentin Guillon, Loyse Hippolyte, Eva Billstedt, Noreen Ward, Eric Lemonnier, Christopher Gillberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8dc1c5530b1b499684875ea86f872493
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8dc1c5530b1b499684875ea86f872493
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8dc1c5530b1b499684875ea86f8724932021-12-02T16:06:38ZLook me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism10.1038/s41598-017-03378-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8dc1c5530b1b499684875ea86f8724932017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03378-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) seem to have difficulties looking others in the eyes, but the substrate for this behavior is not well understood. The subcortical pathway, which consists of superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, and amygdala, enables rapid and automatic face processing. A specific component of this pathway – i.e., the amygdala – has been shown to be abnormally activated in paradigms where individuals had to specifically attend to the eye-region; however, a direct examination of the effect of manipulating the gaze to the eye-regions on all the components of the subcortical system altogether has never been performed. The subcortical system is particularly important as it shapes the functional specialization of the face-processing cortex during development. Using functional MRI, we investigated the effect of constraining gaze in the eye-region during dynamic emotional face perception in groups of participants with ASD and typical controls. We computed differences in activation in the subcortical face processing system (superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus and amygdala) for the same stimuli seen freely or with the gaze constrained in the eye-region. Our results show that when constrained to look in the eyes, individuals with ASD show abnormally high activation in the subcortical system, which may be at the basis of their eye avoidance in daily life.Nouchine HadjikhaniJakob Åsberg JohnelsNicole R. ZürcherAmandine LassalleQuentin GuillonLoyse HippolyteEva BillstedtNoreen WardEric LemonnierChristopher GillbergNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nouchine Hadjikhani Jakob Åsberg Johnels Nicole R. Zürcher Amandine Lassalle Quentin Guillon Loyse Hippolyte Eva Billstedt Noreen Ward Eric Lemonnier Christopher Gillberg Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism
description	Abstract Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) seem to have difficulties looking others in the eyes, but the substrate for this behavior is not well understood. The subcortical pathway, which consists of superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, and amygdala, enables rapid and automatic face processing. A specific component of this pathway – i.e., the amygdala – has been shown to be abnormally activated in paradigms where individuals had to specifically attend to the eye-region; however, a direct examination of the effect of manipulating the gaze to the eye-regions on all the components of the subcortical system altogether has never been performed. The subcortical system is particularly important as it shapes the functional specialization of the face-processing cortex during development. Using functional MRI, we investigated the effect of constraining gaze in the eye-region during dynamic emotional face perception in groups of participants with ASD and typical controls. We computed differences in activation in the subcortical face processing system (superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus and amygdala) for the same stimuli seen freely or with the gaze constrained in the eye-region. Our results show that when constrained to look in the eyes, individuals with ASD show abnormally high activation in the subcortical system, which may be at the basis of their eye avoidance in daily life.
format	article
author	Nouchine Hadjikhani Jakob Åsberg Johnels Nicole R. Zürcher Amandine Lassalle Quentin Guillon Loyse Hippolyte Eva Billstedt Noreen Ward Eric Lemonnier Christopher Gillberg
author_facet	Nouchine Hadjikhani Jakob Åsberg Johnels Nicole R. Zürcher Amandine Lassalle Quentin Guillon Loyse Hippolyte Eva Billstedt Noreen Ward Eric Lemonnier Christopher Gillberg
author_sort	Nouchine Hadjikhani
title	Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism
title_short	Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism
title_full	Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism
title_fullStr	Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism
title_full_unstemmed	Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism
title_sort	look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/8dc1c5530b1b499684875ea86f872493
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Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism

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