In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling

In-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) has been successfully performed by taking advantage of 8-hydroxyquinolines in the lumen of HNTs and precisely synthesized aniline oligomers (AO) of different lengths (tri- and pentamer) anchored on the external surface of the HNTs. Several a...

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Autores principales:	Shahab Moghari, Seyed Hassan Jafari, Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi, Maryam Jouyandeh, Aleksander Hejna, Payam Zarrintaj, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	epoxy nanocomposite cure kinetics aniline isoconversional methods HNT Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8dc61182416640d9a20778a62f8c73bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8dc61182416640d9a20778a62f8c73bc2021-11-25T18:32:16ZIn-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling10.3390/nano111130782079-4991https://doaj.org/article/8dc61182416640d9a20778a62f8c73bc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3078https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991In-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) has been successfully performed by taking advantage of 8-hydroxyquinolines in the lumen of HNTs and precisely synthesized aniline oligomers (AO) of different lengths (tri- and pentamer) anchored on the external surface of the HNTs. Several analyses, including FTIR, H-NMR, TGA, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEM, were used to establish the nature of the HNTs’ surface engineering. Nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy resin at 0.1 wt.% loading for investigation of the contribution of surface chemistry to epoxy cure behavior and kinetics. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data were fed into home-written MATLAB codes, and isoconversional approaches were used to determine the apparent activation energy (<i>E<sub>α</sub></i>) as a function of the extent of cure reaction (α). Compared to pristine HNTs, AO-HNTs facilitated the densification of an epoxy network. Pentamer AO-HNTs with longer arms promoted an <i>Excellent</i> cure; with an <i>E<sub>α</sub></i> value that was 14% lower in the presence of this additive than for neat epoxy, demonstrating an enhanced cross-linking. The model also predicted a triplet of cure (<i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, and ln <i>A</i>) for autocatalytic reaction order, non-catalytic reaction order, and pre-exponential factor, respectively, by the Arrhenius equation. The enhanced autocatalytic reaction in AO-HNTs/epoxy was reflected in a significant rise in the value of <i>m,</i> from 0.11 to 0.28. Kinetic models reliably predict the cure footprint suggested by DSC measurements.Shahab MoghariSeyed Hassan JafariMohsen Khodadadi YazdiMaryam JouyandehAleksander HejnaPayam ZarrintajMohammad Reza SaebMDPI AGarticleepoxy nanocompositecure kineticsanilineisoconversional methodsHNTChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 3078, p 3078 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	epoxy nanocomposite cure kinetics aniline isoconversional methods HNT Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	epoxy nanocomposite cure kinetics aniline isoconversional methods HNT Chemistry QD1-999 Shahab Moghari Seyed Hassan Jafari Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi Maryam Jouyandeh Aleksander Hejna Payam Zarrintaj Mohammad Reza Saeb In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
description	In-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) has been successfully performed by taking advantage of 8-hydroxyquinolines in the lumen of HNTs and precisely synthesized aniline oligomers (AO) of different lengths (tri- and pentamer) anchored on the external surface of the HNTs. Several analyses, including FTIR, H-NMR, TGA, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEM, were used to establish the nature of the HNTs’ surface engineering. Nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy resin at 0.1 wt.% loading for investigation of the contribution of surface chemistry to epoxy cure behavior and kinetics. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data were fed into home-written MATLAB codes, and isoconversional approaches were used to determine the apparent activation energy (<i>E<sub>α</sub></i>) as a function of the extent of cure reaction (α). Compared to pristine HNTs, AO-HNTs facilitated the densification of an epoxy network. Pentamer AO-HNTs with longer arms promoted an <i>Excellent</i> cure; with an <i>E<sub>α</sub></i> value that was 14% lower in the presence of this additive than for neat epoxy, demonstrating an enhanced cross-linking. The model also predicted a triplet of cure (<i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, and ln <i>A</i>) for autocatalytic reaction order, non-catalytic reaction order, and pre-exponential factor, respectively, by the Arrhenius equation. The enhanced autocatalytic reaction in AO-HNTs/epoxy was reflected in a significant rise in the value of <i>m,</i> from 0.11 to 0.28. Kinetic models reliably predict the cure footprint suggested by DSC measurements.
format	article
author	Shahab Moghari Seyed Hassan Jafari Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi Maryam Jouyandeh Aleksander Hejna Payam Zarrintaj Mohammad Reza Saeb
author_facet	Shahab Moghari Seyed Hassan Jafari Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi Maryam Jouyandeh Aleksander Hejna Payam Zarrintaj Mohammad Reza Saeb
author_sort	Shahab Moghari
title	In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
title_short	In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
title_full	In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
title_fullStr	In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
title_full_unstemmed	In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
title_sort	in-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (hnts) for <i>excellent</i> cure of epoxy: chemistry and kinetics modeling
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8dc61182416640d9a20778a62f8c73bc
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In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for <i>Excellent</i> Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling

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